A Review of Pulsed Power Systems for Degrading Water Pollutants Ranging From Microorganisms to Organic Compounds

Abstract

Water quality improvement and collecting safe water are two of the paramount concerns in today's world. Numerous water treatment and pollutant removal processes are introduced that vary with the type of pollutants. Among the proposed pollutant degradation methods, pulsed power is one of the effective methods that can be applied not only to degrade a wide range of contaminants but also to address the environmental issues associated with water treatment chemicals. The effectiveness of the pulsed power technology in water treatment was studied for a wide range of pollutants including microorganisms, nutrient pollution, emerging pollutants, and organic pollutants. This paper presents a review of pulsed power systems developed for organic and inorganic pollutants degradation in different water treatment applications. Also, it presents the effectiveness of several factors like the electrical characteristics of the pulse voltages and treatment time on degradation rates of different pollutants.

An Energy Efficient Process for Degrading Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Using Strip Fountain Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma

“…The reaction mechanism is under investigation and will be reported in due course. There are two reasons for the high degradation constant for the argon plasma: the first is that the discharge in Ar plasma is uniform [10], leading to a larger interaction area; the second is that the dissociation energy in Ar plasma was significantly lower than that in oxygen and nitrogen plasmas [44]. The degradation efficiency of oxygen plasma being lower than that of air plasma may be explained by the active species in each plasma.…”

“…Ozone and hydrogen peroxide are two major components in oxygen plasma, which were known to be inefficient in PFOA degradation [9,25]. The air plasma is much more complex since it contains both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species − (RNS), and species generated from the mixture of nitrogen and oxygen, such as NO, NO 2 − , NO 3 − , ONOO − , were found to be more reactive than ROS or RNS only [10,22].…”

“…The accumulation of PFOA can cause potential harm to ecologically sustainable systems [9]. Hence, nowadays it is required to degrade PFOA before releasing the PFOA waste into the environment [10].…”

Classification and comparative study of EDM pulse generators

“…(d) The typical ratings of EPGs are several orders of magnitude different from those of the conventional pulsed power systems. The difference in typical ratings is as follows: power (several GW versus several hundred W), voltage (several kV versus several 100 s V) and current (several kA to several A) [1, 15–17]. They are also distinct from the conventional high‐voltage pulse generators [18].…”

Discriminative suppression of interference in the superwideband radio channel

“…Автор для переписки: Вдовин Владимир Александрович, vdv@cplire.ru Введение В настоящее время генераторы наносекундных видеоимпульсов напряжения становятся все более востребованными [1][2] как для фундаментальных физических исследований (ускорители заряженных частиц [3][4][5]; изучение стримерных разрядов [6]), так и для прикладных физических задач (рентгеноимпульсные аппараты [7][8]; источники [9] и излучатели [10][11][12] высокоинтенсивных сверхширокополосных микроволновых импульсов, используемые, например, для радаров [13]; генераторы накачки для полупроводниковых [14][15] и газовых [16][17] лазеров; технология электроэрозионного фрезерования [18][19]; альтернативный способ дезинтеграции минеральных руд [20]). Кроме того, значительный интерес представляет изучение воздействия нано-и субнаносекундных видеоимпульсов напряжения на биологические объекты (микроорганизмы в воде [21] и жидких пищевых продуктах [22]; мембраны клеток [23][24]; раковые опухоли [25]).…”