Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan literasi sains fisika siswa SMP Kelas VII di Sumatera Selatan menggunakan kerangka PISA. Metode penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif untuk mendapatkan gambaran kemampuan literasi sains dalam IPA (fisika) siswa tanpa memberikan perlakuan kepada siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data berbentuk tes tertulis. Penilaian disesuaikan dengan kriteria penilaian PISA. Variabel penelitian ini adalah pencapaian kemampuan literasi sains siswa pada konten fisik. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan purposive sampling meliputi SMP N 1 kota Palembang, SMP N 1 kota Prabumulih, dan SMP N 1 kabupaten Ogan Ilir pada semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Hasil Penelitian diperoleh persentase pencapaian siswa yang paling tinggi pada level 2 sebesar 54,9 dan terendah pada level 5 yaitu hanya sebesar 28,1 dari skala maksimum 100. Secara keseluruhan rerata persentase hasil kemampuan literasi sains siswa SMP di Sumatera Selatan berdasarkan Kompetensi Proses Sains, yaitu 47,1. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kemampuan literasi sains siswa SMP di Sumatera Selatan secara keseluruhan ditinjau dari level soal dan kompetensi proses sains diperoleh hasil masih sangat rendah. This research aims to analyze the ability of Physics Science Literacy of Grade VII Middle School Students in South Sumatra by using the PISA Framework. The research method is a quantitative descriptive method that aims to get a picture of scientific literacy abilities in science (physics) students without giving treatment to students. The assessment is adjusted to the PISA assessment criteria. The variables of this study was the achievement of students' science literacy skills in physical content. Data collection techniques by written tests. Samples were taken using purposive sampling and the research sample are SMP N 1 kota Palembang, SMP N 1 kota Prabumulih, dan SMP N 1 Kabupaten Ogan Ilir The results of the study showed that the highest percentage of student’s achievement at level 2 was 54.9 and the lowest was at level 5, which was only 28.1 from the maximum 100 scale. While the overall percentage of the results of the scientific literacy skills of junior high school students in South Sumatra was based on Science Process Competence. that is 47.1. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the scientific literacy skills of junior high school students in South Sumatra as a whole in terms of the level of questions and competency of science processes are still very low.
The formulation of the dynamics of a mechanical system can be done by the method of the Port Controlled Hamiltonia System (PCHS), but this method still leaves a Lagrange multiplier. Furthermore, the dynamics can be formulated using another method which is more systematic, namely the Routhian Reduction method. The method illustrates a system that is subject to non-holonomic constraints and external force, so that the Lagrange multiplier can be removed from the equation. Before formulating the dynamics of a non-holonomic mechanical system, the researcher will analyze the potential energy that occurs in a system that moves in the cylinder configuration space. Potential energy is the main part that must be completed to formulate the motion system of an object, because Routhian reduction only reviews the kinetic energy and potential energy in a dynamic system. The dynamical system reviewed is an object that moves both translation and rotation with a non-holonomic constraint, namely the Tippe Top (TT). The author analyzes the potential energy of a mechanical system that moves in a cylinder configuration space with non-holonomic constraints. Method in this research is a mathematical theoretical study. This method can reduce the equation TT’s motion with and without friction that moves on the surface of the cylinder clearly in the form of a set of differential equations. According the result of this riset, the potential energy for the TT with non-holonomic constraints that move on the surface in the tube can be determined by U = mg(r(1 − cos ρ ) + (R − acos θ ) cos ρ + asin θ cos φ sin ρ), transforming the TT’s Lagrangian that moves on a flat plane (Cartesian coordinates) to the tube coordinates, with reference to the height of the plane solved by coordinate transformation.
Tippe top is an example of simple moving system of rigid body with non-holonomic constraint, but the analysis of this system is not simple. A tippe top equation has been derived with Routhian reduction method and Poincaré equation, and physics computation in finding numeric solution of the dynamics of the tippe top has also been utilized by using Maple program. However, the Poincaré equation required that quasi-coordinate of the quasi-velocity is found, while in the case of the dynamics of tippe top, there is not any exact solution of the quasi-coordinate of the quasi-velocity was found. Therefore, the tippe top equation should be reduced to solve the problem. In this research, Routhian reduction was employed so that the Routhian reduction-based Poincaré equation was used to derive the tippe top equation. The method was able to derive a tippe top equation on a flat plane and tube inner surface clearly represented differential equations.
Physics computing can be used to help to solve complex dynamic equations, both translation and rotation. The purpose of this study was to obtain differences in the dynamics of the tippe top with and without friction moving on inner surface of a cylindrical with varying initial state based of Routhian Reduction. The equation of tippe top in flat fields with and without friction has been reduced by the Routhian reduction method with the Poincare equation with computational in the previous research, and computation has also been carried out in the search for numerical solutions to the dynamics of tippe top with friction in the Maple program. In this study the reduction used is a Routhian reduction, so that the equation used in determining the equations of tippe top motion with and without friction that moves in a curved plane in the form of a cylindrical surface with varying initial state based on maple is Poincaré’s equation based on Routhian reduction with and without friction. The effect of friction can be seen clearly through the dynamics and graph equations in the return top. This method can reduce the equation of backward motion with and without friction that moves on the surface of the cylinder clearly in the form of a set of differential equations. This research can be continued by solving the dynamic equations of the tippe top in other curved fields such as the torus and ball. The findings of this study are dynamic equations and graphs of friction with and without friction equations that move in curved fields in the inner of surfaces in cylinders with varying initial state based on maple.
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