BackgroundThe present paper discusses the lexical and grammatical peculiarities of English language medical case reports, taking into account their communicative purposes and intentions.MethodsThe objective of the research is to clarify the principal mechanisms of producing an effective English language medical case report and thus to provide recommendations and guidelines for medical professionals who will deal with this genre. The analysis of medical case reports will largely focus on the most significant linguistic peculiarities, such as the use of active and passive voice, the choice of particular verb tenses, and pronouns. The selected medical case reports will be considered using methods of lexico-grammatical analysis, quantitative examination, and contextual, structural, narrative, and stylistic analyses.ResultsThe research revealed a range of important stylistic features of medical case reports which markedly distinguish them from other genres of medical scientific writing: educational and instructive intentions, conciseness and brevity, direct and personal tone, and material presented in a narrative style. The present research has shown that the communicative strategies of the analyzed discourse, mentioned immediately above, are effectively implemented by means of specific lexical units and grammatical structures: the dominance of active voice sentences, past simple tense, personal pronouns, and modal verbs. The research has also detected the occasional use of the present perfect, present simple, and future simple tenses and passive voice which also serve particular communicative purposes of medical case reports.ConclusionsMedical case reports possess a range of unique characteristics which differ from those of research articles and other scientific genres within the framework of written medical discourse. It is to be emphasized that it is highly important for medical professionals to master the major stylistic principles and communicative intentions of medical case report as a genre in order to share their findings with fellow researchers from all over the world. Hence, in the process of training future medical researchers, the analysis of the basic mechanisms of writing a medical case report should be an integral part of the curricula in English for Specific Purposes at universities.
Background: Google Trends (GT) may represent a new approach to assessing pollen allergy. However, the development of a pan-European sentinel network has raised a problem of translating terms in different languages. A precise definition of the pollen season onset is crucial for the confirmation of a pollen allergy diagnosis and personalized treatment. Ragweed pollen allergy was investigated due to its high allergenicity and wide expansion in Europe. Objectives: The study aimed to examine translations of “ragweed” and “hay fever” in native Cyrillic languages, especially in Ukrainian and Russian, and to compare the seasonality of queries in Ukraine with ragweed and mugwort pollen counts. Methods: We used GT to search Google queries concerning ragweed allergy: “allergy,” “hay fever,” “running nose,” “ragweed,” “asthma,” and “pollen.” The Cyrillic terms in Ukrainian and Russian were used. Pollen collection for 2013–2015 was conducted using volumetric methods. Average daily temperatures were obtained from the website http://gismeteo.ua. Correlations were studied by using Pearson and Spearman tests. Results: GT queries profile had the “B” pattern according to the classification developed by Bousquet et al. [Allergy. 2017 Aug; 72(8): 1261–6]. A peak of “ragweed” queries was observed after the maximum of average daily temperature. The terms “allergy,” “hay fever,” and “ragweed” in Cyrillic are required in Ukraine to calculate the ragweed pollen exposure by GT. The ragweed pollen season started with a concentration of pollen grains of 12.95 m–3. The Artemisia pollen season started between 19 and 25 days before the beginning of the Ambrosia pollen season. Conclusions: GT may be a useful tool in the differentiation of the pollen seasons, especially when they overlap as in the case of Arte misia/Ambrosia. Three terms, “allergy,” “hay fever,” and “ragweed” (in Cyrillic equivalents), are required in Ukraine to account for ragweed pollen exposure. The combination of GT tools with pollen counts may be used in large-scale epidemiological studies.
Introduction: The quality of professional medical training is a relevant issue for clinical and educational setting due to modernization and reform processes at the present stage of the society’s development. The formation of the future doctors’ interest in professional activities mostly depends on the implementation of pedagogical conditions, aimed at developing the positive motivation towards education. The aim: The authors aim to examine the concept of motivation and define its role in the process of professional training of future doctors. Materials and methods. A questionnaire survey was conducted for students of the first year of study (medical and dental faculties) using the methods of studying the profession’s attractiveness and its factors (by V. Yadov, modification by I. Kuzmina, A. Rean) and studying the orientation towards the acquisition of knowledge via the test by E. Ilyin and N. Kurdyakova. Results: Based on the analysis of literary sources, the main factors that influence the interest of students in education were identified and the pedagogical conditions for the formation of positive motivation for training activity in the educational setting of a higher medical educational institution were highlighted. It was found that most students prefer social motives when choosing a profession, and almost 10% of the subjects show a low level of focus on learning in the process of education. The authors provided practical recommendations on the formation of positive motivation for students’ training when studying humanities at a medical university with the help of multimedia teaching materials, inclusion of students in the self-directed research activity, etc. Conclusions: On the basis of generalized experience of educators and psychologists, as well as our own studies, we consider that the following pedagogical conditions form the positive motivation towards education in medical students of the first year of study: effective use of modern multimedia specialized tools (electronic journals, specialized web-sites); students’ engagement in the self-directed research activity; use of modern specialized software for solving professional tasks. Such techniques enable the integration of knowledge, skills and abilities in several subjects, prepare students for academic subjects in the second year of study and maximally approximate the training objectives to future professional activities
The aim was to analyze the psychological readiness of a future physician for professional activity, the attitude of the first-year medical students to their profession, the formation of positive motivation to study and professional activity in general. Materials and methods: In the course of research, the following techniques have been used: bibliosemantic method for the analysis of scientific publications, methodology for study the main motives for choosing a profession, suggested by Ye.M. Pavliutenkov, methodology for study the motives of academic activity, suggested by A.A. Rean and V.A. Yakunin to conduct a survey in the process of learning medical and biological physics by the students of Medical and Dental Faculties at the Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy in 2018/2019 academic year, the MS Excel software application. Conclusions: Professional identity of medical students begins at the first course of studies and coincides with the heavy academic load of general scientific, medical and biological disciplines, foreign languages, etc. In the period of professional identification, it is very important to create a positive motivation for learning, to acquire knowledge and skills that will be necessary in future professional activity. Therefore, the use of the state-of-the-art multimedia specialized means, involvement of students into self-research activity, etc., is crucial for its formation. Prospects for further research encompass the study of the issue of readiness for professional activity and motivation of international students at medical higher education institutions and the development of methodological support for teaching humanities at a medical university, taking into account the abovementioned recommendations.
The aim was to analyze the morphological, structural and lexico-semantic presentation of the Latin terms denoting the infectious and parasitic diseases, part of which is a zoonymic component. Materials and methods: The presentation sample was made by the method of continuous sampling based on textbooks, manuals, including the three-volume edition “Infectious and parasitic diseases”, and a number of modern dictionaries. Structural, semantic and descriptive methods were used to address the aim of the research. Results: Monolexemic composites with a zoomorphic component are formed in a suffixal way. In multi-word phrases, syntactic constructions of mixed type, are usually used and they are characterized by the combination of words of Greek and Latin origin, but these formations are few. The eponymous and toponymic formations to denote specific nosological forms in helminthology are not typical. The data on the first contribution of a researcher to the description of the disease in the name of the term is not displayed, preference is still given to the name of the pathogen, rather than the name of the researcher. The prefix-suffix-based method of formation of terms denoting infectious and parasitic diseases with a zoonymic component is observed sporadically. Conclusions: The comparison of the above-analyzed terms with the corresponding terminological units of the English medical terminology indicates the predominant use of Latin terminological units. In contrast to many clinical terms with a zoomorphic component, where certain associative moments are taken into account.
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