BackgroundThe present paper discusses the lexical and grammatical peculiarities of English language medical case reports, taking into account their communicative purposes and intentions.MethodsThe objective of the research is to clarify the principal mechanisms of producing an effective English language medical case report and thus to provide recommendations and guidelines for medical professionals who will deal with this genre. The analysis of medical case reports will largely focus on the most significant linguistic peculiarities, such as the use of active and passive voice, the choice of particular verb tenses, and pronouns. The selected medical case reports will be considered using methods of lexico-grammatical analysis, quantitative examination, and contextual, structural, narrative, and stylistic analyses.ResultsThe research revealed a range of important stylistic features of medical case reports which markedly distinguish them from other genres of medical scientific writing: educational and instructive intentions, conciseness and brevity, direct and personal tone, and material presented in a narrative style. The present research has shown that the communicative strategies of the analyzed discourse, mentioned immediately above, are effectively implemented by means of specific lexical units and grammatical structures: the dominance of active voice sentences, past simple tense, personal pronouns, and modal verbs. The research has also detected the occasional use of the present perfect, present simple, and future simple tenses and passive voice which also serve particular communicative purposes of medical case reports.ConclusionsMedical case reports possess a range of unique characteristics which differ from those of research articles and other scientific genres within the framework of written medical discourse. It is to be emphasized that it is highly important for medical professionals to master the major stylistic principles and communicative intentions of medical case report as a genre in order to share their findings with fellow researchers from all over the world. Hence, in the process of training future medical researchers, the analysis of the basic mechanisms of writing a medical case report should be an integral part of the curricula in English for Specific Purposes at universities.
BackgroundThis paper focuses on the prevalence of Latin terms and terminological collocations in the issues of Journal of Medical Case Reports (February 2007–August 2017) and discusses the role of Latin terminology in the contemporary process of writing medical case reports.MethodsThe objective of the research is to study the frequency of using Latin terminology in English-language medical case reports, thus providing relevant guidelines for medical professionals who deal with this genre and drawing their attention to the peculiarities of using Latin in case reports. The selected medical case reports are considered, using methods of quantitative examination and structural, narrative, and contextual analyses.ResultsWe developed structural and thematic typologies of Latin terms and expressions, and we conducted a quantitative analysis that enabled us to observe the tendencies in using these lexical units in medical case reports. The research revealed that the use of Latin fully complies with the communicative strategies of medical case reports as a genre. Owing to the fact that Latin medical lexis is internationally adopted and understood worldwide, it promotes the conciseness of medical case reports, as well as contributes to their narrative style and educational intentions.ConclusionsThe adequate use of Latin terms in medical case reports is an essential prerequisite of effective sharing of one’s clinical findings with fellow researchers from all over the world. Therefore, it is highly important to draw students’ attention to Latin terms and expressions that are used in medical case reports most frequently. Hence, the analysis of structural, thematic, and contextual features of Latin terms in case reports should be an integral part of curricula at medical universities.
Introduction: The quality of professional medical training is a relevant issue for clinical and educational setting due to modernization and reform processes at the present stage of the society’s development. The formation of the future doctors’ interest in professional activities mostly depends on the implementation of pedagogical conditions, aimed at developing the positive motivation towards education. The aim: The authors aim to examine the concept of motivation and define its role in the process of professional training of future doctors. Materials and methods. A questionnaire survey was conducted for students of the first year of study (medical and dental faculties) using the methods of studying the profession’s attractiveness and its factors (by V. Yadov, modification by I. Kuzmina, A. Rean) and studying the orientation towards the acquisition of knowledge via the test by E. Ilyin and N. Kurdyakova. Results: Based on the analysis of literary sources, the main factors that influence the interest of students in education were identified and the pedagogical conditions for the formation of positive motivation for training activity in the educational setting of a higher medical educational institution were highlighted. It was found that most students prefer social motives when choosing a profession, and almost 10% of the subjects show a low level of focus on learning in the process of education. The authors provided practical recommendations on the formation of positive motivation for students’ training when studying humanities at a medical university with the help of multimedia teaching materials, inclusion of students in the self-directed research activity, etc. Conclusions: On the basis of generalized experience of educators and psychologists, as well as our own studies, we consider that the following pedagogical conditions form the positive motivation towards education in medical students of the first year of study: effective use of modern multimedia specialized tools (electronic journals, specialized web-sites); students’ engagement in the self-directed research activity; use of modern specialized software for solving professional tasks. Such techniques enable the integration of knowledge, skills and abilities in several subjects, prepare students for academic subjects in the second year of study and maximally approximate the training objectives to future professional activities
The aim was to analyze the psychological readiness of a future physician for professional activity, the attitude of the first-year medical students to their profession, the formation of positive motivation to study and professional activity in general. Materials and methods: In the course of research, the following techniques have been used: bibliosemantic method for the analysis of scientific publications, methodology for study the main motives for choosing a profession, suggested by Ye.M. Pavliutenkov, methodology for study the motives of academic activity, suggested by A.A. Rean and V.A. Yakunin to conduct a survey in the process of learning medical and biological physics by the students of Medical and Dental Faculties at the Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy in 2018/2019 academic year, the MS Excel software application. Conclusions: Professional identity of medical students begins at the first course of studies and coincides with the heavy academic load of general scientific, medical and biological disciplines, foreign languages, etc. In the period of professional identification, it is very important to create a positive motivation for learning, to acquire knowledge and skills that will be necessary in future professional activity. Therefore, the use of the state-of-the-art multimedia specialized means, involvement of students into self-research activity, etc., is crucial for its formation. Prospects for further research encompass the study of the issue of readiness for professional activity and motivation of international students at medical higher education institutions and the development of methodological support for teaching humanities at a medical university, taking into account the abovementioned recommendations.
The paper examines the phenomenon of academic ratings and a brief history of their emergence. The authors provide a generalized description of the most influential ratings. The views of supporters and opponents of academic ratings have been analyzed. It has been shown that under conditions of globalization processes in education, academic ratings are considered by a number of scientists as one of the tools intended for measuring the competitiveness of educational institutions, forming a strategy for further development of universities and their transformation. Given the fact that the issue of the methodology of academic ratings and the logic of their use remains debatable, the arguments from the opponents of the rating have been analyzed. In particular, the opinion is expressed that the main indicators that affect the place in most of the currently existing ratings are relevant for research universities that have extremely powerful sources of funding, which determines their competitiveness and consistently high rating positions. In this regard, the ratings from a tool for measuring the quality of education have partly turned into an economic and political tool with a "perceptible geopolitical flavor", which is unlikely to lead to a significant improvement in the quality of education. Attention is focused on the fact that the currently existing rating methodology can be appropriate only for world-class universities, which make up 3 – 5% of the total number of higher education institutions in different countries globally. In the conclusions, the authors point out that the ratings, despite their debatable nature, have become both an integral part of the management culture and the global information space, as well as a driver of positive changes in the educational environment of universities.
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