ÖZ Amaç: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia sağlık hizmetleri ile ilişkili enfeksiyon etkeni olarak yoğun bakımlarda ve immünsüprese hastalarda sıklığı ve önemi gittikçe artan fırsatçı bir patojendir. Hastaların ağırlıklı olarak solunum yolu örneklerinde, kan ve idrarlarında izole edilmektedir. Birçok antibiyotiğe karşı gösterdiği intrensek direnç nedeniyle tedavisi zordur. Bu çalışmada, sekiz yıllık bir dönemde çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen S. maltophilia suşlarının trimetoprim-sulfametoksazol ve levofloksasin direnç oranlarının ve bu oranların yıllara göre değişiminin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Artan trimetoprimsulfametoksazol direnci nedeniyle yalnızca trimetoprimsulfametoksazol direncinin bildirilmesinin klinik takip ve tedavide yeterli olup olmayacağı tartışılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda, sekiz yıllık süreçte izole edilmiş olan 195 S. maltophilia suşunun dağılımı ve antimikrobiyal duyarlılığı retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Suşların tanımlama ve antibiyotik duyarlılıklarına, Vitek2 Compact (BioMérieux, Fransa), Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization time-of-flight, Mass Spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS, Bruker, Almanya) sistemi ve Phoenix (Becton Dickinson, ABD) otomatik cihazları ile bakılmıştır. Bulgular: Suşlar en sık yoğun bakım kliniğinden gönderilen (n=63) solunum yolu örneklerinden (n=25) izole edilmişlerdir. Trimetoprim sulfametoksazol direnci ortalama %4.08 (0-13.58), levofloksasin direnci %11.71 (0-17.39) olarak belirlenmiştir. Levofloksasine orta derecede duyarlı yedi suş saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Yıllar içinde artan direnç göz önüne alındığında, antibiyotik duyarlılığında kısıtlı bildirim yapılması zaten tedavi seçenekleri az olan bir mikroorganizma için klinisyenin işini zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu nedenle suşlar gereğinde daha geniş antibiyotik duyarlılığı çalışılmak üzere saklanmalıdır. Anahtar kelimeler: Stenotrophomanas maltophilia, antibiyotik direnci, trimetoprim sulfametoksazol, levofloksasin ABSTRACT Attention! Objective:As an health services-related infectious agent Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, is an opportunistic pathogen whose frequency and importance increase in intensive care units and immunocompromised patients. It is predominantly isolated from the blood, urine and respiratory tract specimens of the patients. Due to its intrinsic resistance to many antimicrobials, the treatment of the patients infected with S. maltophilia is very difficult. The aim of this study is to determine the resistance rates of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole and levofloxacin of S. maltophilia strains isolated from various clinical samples within a period of eight years and the variation of these rates with respect to years. We discussed if it is sufficient to report only trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole resistance in terms of clinical follow-up and treatment as there is an increasing resistance to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. Material and Methods:In our study, the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of 195 S. maltophilia isolates that were collected over an eight-year period were examined retros...
Objective: Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) is an invasive procedure used in patients with obstructive jaundice in the progress of some malignancies, and its most common complication is infection. We aimed to evaluate the patients who underwent PTC regarding their cultures, prophylaxis, and antibiotics used for treatment. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients who underwent PTC and were followed up in a medical oncology outpatient clinic between 2010-2017 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients’ data were obtained from the hospital record system (FONET), epicrisis forms, and patient progress files. Results: A total of 93 patients were included in the study. Prophylaxis was given in 50% of the cases. Complications developed in 68% of the cases after the intervention, and the infectious disease clinic consulted all. Blood cultures were obtained from 89% of the febrile patients; however, bile cultures were obtained only from 29%. The rate of resistant Gram-negative enteric bacteria in growing microorganisms was 52% (n=13). It was determined that 65% of the initiated empirical treatments were appropriate for the growth of microorganisms. Conclusion: The growth rate was significantly higher in blood cultures than in bile cultures. The lower growth rate in bile culture was attributed to the low number of bile cultures. There was no significant difference regarding the growth rate and drug resistance of the microorganisms. Therefore, we think giving antibiotics as treatment rather than prophylaxis is more appropriate. Taking cultures will ensure that patients receive appropriate antibiotic therapy for the causative agent. Keywords: Antibiotic prophylaxis, bacteremia, biliary tract infections, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
Listeria monocytogenes is a self-limiting gastroenteritis agent in healthy adults, while it can also cause more severe conditions such as bacteremia and meningitis in pregnant women, newborns, elderly and immunosuppressed patients. In our report, an 81-year-old geriatric patient presented with fever, dysuria, and gastroenteritis. The patient was prescribed ceftriaxone empirically upon admission, and urine culture was reported as Escherichia coli sensitive to ceftriaxone. However, there were still no fever response and clinical improvement on the third day of antibiotic treatment. In blood culture obtained upon admission, Listeria monocytogenes was grown on the third day. The patient responded to treatment after her treatment was changed to ampicillinsulbactam. However, a pulmonary embolism developed on the 14th day of admission, and the patient was transferred to the intensive care unit. In our report, it was stated that attention should be paid to the nutrition of patients in elderly. We also emphasized that blood culture should be taken from every patient who represents with fever and the importance of early and appropriate treatment.
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