Infections caused by microbial proliferation are one of the common issues and serious threats to the medical care, and they usually result in disease spread. Therefore, it is a significant issue for developing the antiinfective biomaterials to control this problem, according to the specific clinical application. Meanwhile, all their properties, the best anti-infective performance, the safe biocompatibility and the appropriate tissue interactions must be conformed to each other. At present, technologies are developing novel biomaterials and surfaces endowed with anti-infective properties, relying either on bactericidal or anti-biofilm activities. This review focuses on thoroughly summarizing numerous kinds of antibacterial biomaterials, including the antibacterial matrix biomaterials, antibacterial coatings and films, nanostructured materials and antibacterial fibers. Among these strategies, the utilization of bio-glass base and graphene base antibacterial matrix, and their effects on the antibiosis mechanism were emphatically discussed. Simultaneously, the effects and mechanisms of nano-coated metallic ions are also mentioned. Overall, there is a wealth of technical solutions to contrast the establishment of an implant infection. The lack of well-structured prospective multicenter clinical trials hinders the achievement of conclusive data on the efficacy and comparative performance of antibacterial biomaterials.
A composite-metal hybrid assembling stringed truss bridge which based on pre-tightened tooth connection can make full use of the strength of the FRP fiber in the direction of the fiber, and is of higher bearing capacity than the FRP truss bridges with traditional adhesive or bolt connection. However, whether the calculation method of FRP truss bridge with traditional bondingor bolt connection is suitable for this new type of bridge needs to be researched because of the difference on the structural form and connection mode. In order to obtain the suitable method of this kind of bridge, a new method for calculating live load deformation which consider the influence of end of the steel bar sleeve of rod stiffness was established in this paper; the deformation experiment of truss bridge was carried out. The experiment and calculation results show: compared with the calculation method of the live load deformation of the traditional FRP truss bridge, the calculation method of live load deformation considering the effect of the steel sleeve on the end of the rod is in good agreement with the live load deformation obtained by the experiment; the calculation method of inelastic deflection has also been verified by the experimental results.
A new glass fibre-reinforced polymer–metal structure with a string box-truss girder was designed as a vehicular emergency bridge. The glass fibre-reinforced polymer–metal emergency bridge is intended to be lightweight, structurally sound, with a long span and modular feasibility, and associated with a faster construction bridging system. In this study, the detailed conceptual design of the new bridge is described first. A large-scale static bending loading test was carried out on a fabricated bridge to examine its actual flexural performance under the serviceability limit state. The experimental emergency bridge exhibited a satisfactory overall stiffness and loading-carrying capacity in terms of its intended applications. Its linear-elastic flexural behaviour implies that the structural design of such a unique emergency bridge subjected to positive flexural moment is stiffness-driven instead of strength-driven. Furthermore, structural computational models, including three-dimensional finite element models and a simplified analytical planar model, were constructed and validated by comparing with the experimental results. The elicited comparisons indicated that the realistic nodal stiffness of the hybrid pre-tightened teeth connection and its adjacent steel planar gusset plates ought to be considered in numerical and analytical modelling. Correspondingly, during the preliminary design phase and calculations, the flexural behaviour of this unique emergency bridge can be predicted using the validated numerical and simplified analytical models.
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