The popular medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst. [Ling Zhi] has been widely used for the general promotion of health and longevity in Asian countries. Continuous cultivation may affect soil microbe and soil properties. However, the effect of G. lucidum cultivation on related wood segments, soil and tree roots microbial communities and soil properties is remain unknown. In our study, the microbial communities of soils, wood segments, and tree roots before and after G. lucidum cultivation were investigated by Illumina Miseq sequencing of both ITS and 16S rDNA, and taxonomic composition of eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms were observed. Indices of microbial richness, diversity and evenness significantly differed between before and after G. lucidum cultivation. Each of the investigated sampling type harbored a distinctive microbial community and differed remarkably before and after G. lucidum cultivation. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota (fungi), Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria (bacteria) showed significant differences after Ling Zhi cultivation. The soil property values also changed after cultivation. The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that both the fungal and bacterial community structure significantly correlated with soil humus, pH, nitrogen, carbon and trace elements (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu) contents. The results indicated that G. lucidum cultivation may have significant differed the associated microbial community structures and soil properties. The study will provide useful information for G. lucidum cultivation and under-forest economic development.

A 3D finite element polycrystalline microstructure model of ceramic tool materials is presented. Quasi-static crack propagation is modeled using the cohesive finite element method (CFEM) and the microstructure is represented by 3D Voronoi tessellation. The influences of cohesive parameters, the ratios of maximum traction of grain boundary to maximum traction of grain on the crack patterns of Al2O3 have been discussed. This study has demonstrated the capability of modeling 3D crack propagation of ceramic microstructure with CFEM and Voronoi tessellation model. It is found that the fracture mode is changed from intergranular to transgranular as the maximum traction of grain boundary is increased.

A series of bulk ultrafine-grained (UFG) pure iron with grain size of 250-450 nm were fabricated by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) and annealing. Effects of ECAP passes on the corrosion behavior of the UFG pure iron were investigated. Results show that ECAP accelerates the acid corrosion rate of pure iron, but improves its anodic passivation property. The acid corrosion resistance of the UFG pure iron is restored through a large number of ECAP passes as well as through an annealing treatment. Annealing treatment is not good for the anodic passivation property of the UFG pure iron after a small number of ECAP passes. However, after a large number of ECAP passes (up to16), the corrosion resistance and anodic passivation property of UFG pure iron are less affected by annealing.

The hot metal fed converter in Panzhihua Steel Company is characterized by high sulfur content of 0.085% and high phosphorus content of 0.133%. Under this condition, some technologies like control of sulfur and T[O] content, ladle slag optimization, calcium treatment and protective casting were used in practice, and the desired result of T[O] as low as 0.0014% and sulfur content of 0.0023%was achieved, which met the cleanness requirements by anti-HIC X65 tube steel. With the help of inclusion control technology, grade of inclusions in as-cast steel was less than 0.5. In addition, total amount of inclusions was only 0.0044% which dispersed in slab in form of small spherical particle.

The use of non-drug intervention for calcium deficiency has attracted attention in recent years. Although calcium carbonate is the preferred raw material for calcium supplements, the mechanism of its anti-calcium deficiency effect from the perspective of intestinal flora and metabolomics is rarely reported. In this study, we compare the abundance of intestinal flora and the expression levels of fecal and plasma metabolites in control rats fed with basic diet, low calcium fed rats, and calcium carbonate treated rats. The results revealed that compared with low-calcium rat, calcium content and bone mineral density of the midpoint and distal femur of rats in the oral calcium carbonate group were significantly improved. 16S rRNA sequencing and metabonomics analysis showed that calcium carbonate intervention altered the composition of intestinal microbiota and metabolic profiles in feces and plasma of low-calcium fed rats. Further, correlation analysis showed that selected intestinal flora were significantly correlated with metabolites enriched in feces and plasma. In conclusion, calcium carbonate intervention has the potential to reduce calcium deficiency and related symptoms, while affecting intestinal microbiota composition and metabolic characteristics in low-calcium rats. This study highlights scientific evidence for the potential effect of calcium carbonate as a calcium supplement on calcium deficiency.

Integral impeller is the key component in aviation, aerospace and other fields, and the deformation has an important effect to the machining quality and precision of the integral impeller. Because of the complexity of the geometry and surface curvature changes for the integral impeller, and the semi suspended state during the processing, force analysis and control technology for the deformation have become the key and difficulty to realize high quality processing. In this paper, the situation about the blade machining with the finite element analysis is introduced, and the factors about the blade machining deformation is also summarized. The deformation of a single cutter location point are computed and analyzed with finite element method, and the application problems to the machining deformation with the finite element are presented.

Purpose The prevalence of hyperlipidemia and related illnesses is on its rise, and atorvastatin is the frequently used hypolipidemic agent. However, there is still uncertainty about the mechanisms, especially the relationship between the lipid-lowering effect, intestinal microbiome, and metabolic profiles. We aim to intensively explain the mechanism of the hypolipidemic effect of atorvastatin through multi-omics perspective of intestinal microbiome and metabolomics. Methods Multi-omics methods play an increasingly important role in the analysis of intestinal triggers and evaluation of metabolic disorders such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. Therefore, we were prompted to explore intestinal triggers, underlying biomarkers, and potential intervention targets of atorvastatin in the treatment of dyslipidemia through multi-omics. To achieve this, SPF Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet or normal diet for 8 weeks. Atorvastatin was then administered to high-fat diet-fed rats. Results By altering intestinal microbiome, a high-fat diet can affect feces and plasma metabolic profiles. Treatment with atorvastatin possibly increases the abundance of Bacteroides , thereby improving “propanoate metabolism” and “glycine, serine and threonine metabolism” in feces and plasma, and contributing to blood lipid reduction. Conclusion Our study elucidated the intestinal triggers and metabolites of high-fat diet-induced dyslipidemia from the perspective of intestinal microbiome and metabolomics. It equally identified potential intervention targets of atorvastatin. This further explains the mechanism of the hypolipidemic effect of atorvastatin from a multi-omics perspective.

The use of non-drug intervention for calcium deficiency has attracted attention in recent years. Although calcium carbonate is the preferred raw material for calcium supplementation, there are few reports on the mechanism of the combined action of chondroitin sulfate and calcium to alleviate osteoporosis from the perspective of gut microbiota and metabolomics. In this study, a rat model of osteoporosis was established by feeding a low-calcium diet. The intestinal microbiota abundance, fecal and plasma metabolite expression levels of rats fed a basal diet, a low-calcium diet, a low-calcium diet plus calcium carbonate, and a low-calcium diet plus chondroitin sulfate were compared. The results showed that compared with the low calcium group, the calcium content and bone mineral density of femur were significantly increased in the calcium carbonate and chondroitin sulfate groups. 16 S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics analysis showed that chondroitin sulfate intervention could reduce short-chain fatty acid synthesis of intestinal flora, slow down inflammatory response, inhibit osteoclast differentiation, promote calcium absorption and antioxidant mechanism, and alleviate osteoporosis in low-calcium feeding rats. Correlation analysis showed that the selected intestinal flora was significantly correlated with metabolites enriched in feces and plasma. This study provides scientific evidence of the potential impact of chondroitin sulfate as a dietary supplement for patients with osteoporosis.