Our findings that early postnatal sibling deprivation influences maternal licking/grooming behavior, as well as anxiety-like behavior and vulnerability to drugs in pups that have grown to adulthood, suggests that both sibling interaction and maternal behavior, play critical roles in individual development.
Surface tension associated with temperature is usually considered non-negligible to affect discharge capacity of sharp-crested weir when head is low. In the study, a two-dimensional numerical model verified by experiments was applied to simulate the effect of water temperature on discharge capacity of clinging flow for a rectangular sharp-crested weir at low head levels. The results showed that with a same flow rate, differences in the elevation of free surface were minimal between different temperature levels despite a slightly higher elevation of free surface at lower water temperature. The head-discharge relationships were very similar for different temperature levels. This study concluded that the effect of water temperature on head-discharge relationships and the discharge capacity of clinging flow for a rectangular sharp-crested weir was negligible at low heads.
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