The aflatoxin producing fungi Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus, and A. nomius, although they are also produced by other species of Aspergillus as well as by Emericella spp.(Telemorph). There are many types of aflatoxins, but the four main ones are aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), and aflatoxin G2 (AFG2, while aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and M2 (AFM2) are the hydroxylated metabolites of AFB1 and AFB2. Aflatoxin B1, which is a genotoxic hepatocarcinogen, which presumptively causes cancer by inducing DNA, adducts leading to genetic changes in target liver cells. Cytochrome-P450 enzymes to the reactive intermediate AFB1–8, 9 epoxide (AFBO) which binds to liver cell DNA, resulting in DNA adducts, metabolize AFB1 Ingestion of contaminated food is the main source of exposure to aflatoxins, which adversely affect the health of both humans and animals. The compounds can cause acute or chronic toxic effects of a teratogenic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, immunotoxic or hepatotoxic character. You can reduce your aflatoxin exposure by buying only major commercial brands of food and by discarding that look moldy, discolored, or shriveled.

Results of isolated fungi from seedlings of three Strawberry varieties Sweet Charlie, Hapil and Festival showed that the root zone in the three varieties contained the largest number of fungi. The fungus F. culmorum was the highest existence in three areas roots and runners and crown. The isolation percentage was 66.15% in the runners zone of Hapil and 36.15 % in the root of Sweet Charlie, while the existence percentage of the fungus above was 55.76% in the crown area and 35.79% in the root zone of Festival, while the fungi Cylindrocarpon spp. appeared at 38.60 % in runners of sweet charlie and 35.91% in the root of Hapil, while fungus isolated from Festival in 23.60% in root zone, and the lowest rate was in fungus A. alternata in the root of sweet charlie with 2.32% and the fungus Phytophthora spp. in Hapil. In Festival fungi St. herbarum appeared lowest ratio 3.47 % in the root, the different percentages for the isolation of the fungi differed with the differentiation of varieties studies of Strawberry plant and isolation areas. The testing biological agent Trichoderma harzianum Indicates that his high efficiency against fungi F. culmorum and Cylindrocarpon spp. and Bipolaris spp. its degree antagonistic to 2, 2 and 2 respectively. Inhibition percentage was 88.88% and 87.77 % and 86%, respectively, for three fungi. For ability of bacterial biological agent Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed significant inhibition to the growth of three fungi. The study of the bacterial biological agent and fungus Cylindrocarpon spp. showed significant inhibition as well as bacterial biological agent and fungus Bipolaris spp. with inhibition percentage 100% Finally the results showed that the fungicides Azadirachtin in concentration 5cm 3 /liter inhibited significantly the growth of three fungi, and the highest percentage inhibition was with the treatment of fungicides and fungi Cylindrocarpon spp. with inhibition percentage 80 % while the lowest percentage of inhibition was 21.87% in Fungi F. culmorum.

Results of pathogenicity showed that the three fungi Fusarium culmorum, Cylindrocarpon spp. and Bipolaris spp. were the faster fungi inoculated in the emergence of symptoms as pathological symptoms in both strawberry varities Hapil and Festival. Hapil was more sensitive than Festival agents on the three studied fungi. The results indicate that the addition of biological agent T. harzianum and P.

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Volatile oil extracted from Salvia officinalis showed significantly more effective e against growth of T. rubrum isolated from ulceration otitis externa with inhibition significant percentage 96.42% in concentration 1/25 then the concentration 1/50 with inhibition percentage 95.83%, two concentrations 1/75 and 1/100 showed low effects which inhibited fungal growth in percentage 89.28% and 81.54% respectively, While the volatile oil extracted from Zingiber officinale showed inhibited effect in percentage 92.26% in concentration 1/25 and 82.73% in concentration 1/50; The inhibition percentage was 79.76% and 77.97% in concentration 1/75 and 1/100 respectively. Volatile oil extracted from leaves of Apium graveolens was significantly more effective in concentration 1/25 then the volatile oil extracted from Zingiber officinale in the same concentration with a significant inhibition percentage 85.11% so volatile oil of leaves of Mentha piperita in concentration 1/25 with a significant inhibition percentage 81.54% and the concentration 1/100 from volatile oil of leaves of Mentha piperita Lower of all concentration inhibition of fungal growth above with inhibition percentage 70.23%.Volatile oils extracted from Salvia officinalis was more significant effect against growth of yeast C. albicans isolated from ulceration otitis externa so the inhibition percentage was 85.11% followed with volatile oil of leaves of Apium graveolens with percentage 80.35% in concentration 1/50 then volatile oil of leaves of Mentha piperita with inhibition percentage 79.16% in the concentration 1/25 while inhibition percentage of volatile oil extracted from Salvia officinalis ranged between 79.76% and 69.64%, While volatile oil of leaves of Apium graveolens inhibition percentage between 78.57% and 70.23% respectively in concentrations 1/25, 1/100; Volatile oil of Zingiber officinale was lower effect which inhibited fungal growth with percentage 78.57% and 61.30% in higher and lower concentrations respectively, While different volatile oils extracts shows a different inhibition effects against T. Mantagrophytes isolated from skin scraping, So volatile oil extracted from leaves of Mentha piperita showed more effective in concentration 1/25 with inhibition percentage 97.16% then volatile oil extracted from Salvia officinalis with percentage 77.38% in same concentration, There were no significant difference in concentration 1/25 and 1/50 of volatile oil extracted from Zingiber officinale with inhibition percentage 73.80% for both concentrations and volatile oil of leaves of Apium graveolens was less effective which inhibited T. Mantagrophytes in inhibition percentage 69.04% and 64.88% at the concentrations of 1/25 and 1/50 respectively. There was no significant difference between concentrations 1/75 and 1/100 with a percentage of 59.52% for both of them.