Background Suicidal ideation (SI) among pregnant women is a major public health concern worldwide and is associated with a higher risk of completed suicide. However, there are limited studies that determined the prevalence and the potential determinants of suicidal ideation in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the prevalence of suicidal ideation and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Jimma, Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 pregnant women attending Jimma medical center in Southwest, Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Suicidal ideation assessed using the Suicidality Module of the World Mental Health survey initiative version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Other tools used are EPDS, Abuse Assessment Scale (AAS), DASS -21, PSS, Maternity Social Support Scale (MSSS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to explore the potential determinants of suicidal ideation among the participants. Result The prevalence of SI among women who are on antenatal care was found to be 13.3% (95% CI (10.1,16.4). In multivariable analysis, marital status with lack of cohabiting partners (AOR = 2.80,95%CI:1.23,6.37), history of abortion (AOR = 2.45,95% CI:1.03,5.93), having depression (AOR = 4.28,95% CI:1.75,10.44),anxiety(AOR = 2.99,95% CI:1.24,7.20), poor sleep quality (AOR = 2.85,95% CI:1.19,6.79), stress (AOR = 2.50, 95% CI:1.01,5.67), and intimate partner violence (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI:1.07,5.47) were found to be significant predictors of suicidal ideation. Conclusion The prevalence of SI among pregnant women was found to be huge. Lack of cohabiting partners, previous history of abortion, depression, anxiety, intimate partner violence, poor sleep quality, and stress were variables that are independent predictors of suicidal ideation. Screening and interventions of antenatal SI are needed.

Background A timely understanding of the frontline community health care workers’ prevention practices towards COVID-19 is very crucial to combat the pandemic. Despite this, no study has been conducted among frontline community health workers in Africa, particularly in Ethiopia. The study aimed to determine the status of implementation of preventive measures of frontline community health care workers towards COVID-19 and its associated factors. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 421 health extension workers among selected districts. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire adapted from different pieces of literature. Respondents who scored above mean score on the item measurement such as knowledge, attitude, and practice questions were categorized as knowledgeable, having positive attitude, and having good prevention practices, respectively. Data were entered in EpiData 3.1 and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 software. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify significant predictors. P– values less than or equal to 0.05 were declared as statistically significant. Results The mean age of study participants was 31.35 years (±4.83 SD), and almost half (217; 51.54%) of respondents were single and 273 (62.47%) were trained for COVID-19 prevention measures. Of the total study subjects, 194 (46.08%; 95% CI=41.6–50.7%) had good prevention practices towards COVID-19. Being married (AOR=3.36, 95% CI=2.20–5.13), being trained (AOR=2.28, 95% CI=1.39–3.74), having good knowledge (AOR=2.4, 95% CI=1.52–3.99), and having positive attitude towards COVID-19 prevention measures (AOR=5.88, 95% CI=3.52–9.80) increase the likelihood of implementing prevention measures. Conclusion This study showed that prevention status was low; therefore, government and non-governmental organizations working around the study area should emphasize providing training to increase their level of knowledge and to change the attitude towards implementation of prevention measures, and these can ultimately increase the status of prevention practices.

Background Sleep is a natural physiological process vital for the physical and mental wellbeing of pregnant women and their fetuses. Even though poor sleep quality is a common problem among pregnant women, it is not studied in developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the poor sleep quality and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Jimma medical center, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia, 2020. Methods A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 415 pregnant women at Jimma Medical Center (JMC). The study subjects were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality using face-to-face interviews. SPSS version 25 was used to analyze data. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were done to identify factors related to sleep quality. In multivariable logistic regression variables with a p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant and, adjusted OR (AOR) with 95% CI was used to present the strength of the association. Results The prevalence of poor sleep quality among pregnant women was found to be 30.8% (95% CI (26.5, 35.2). In multivariable analysis, age ≥ 30 years old (AOR = 1.94;95%CI:1.03,3.66), Multigravida (AOR = 1.90;95%CI:1.90,3.32),depression (AOR = 4.26;95%CI:2.54,7.14),stress (AOR = 1.85;95%CI:1.20,3.02) were variables significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Conclusion This study found a high prevalence of poor sleep quality among pregnant women. Older age, gravidity, depression, and stress were associated with poor sleep quality. It is better to have routine sleep pattern screening and teach sleep hygiene practice for pregnant women.

Ethiopia has made significant progress in extending access to improved water sources under its Universal Access Plan (UAP).

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Background: Tumors of salivary gland are morphologically and clinically diverse group of neoplasms, which may present considerable diagnostic and management of challenges to the pathologist or surgeons.It account’s about 4% of all epithelial neoplasms in head and neck region. These comprise a wide variety of benign and malignant neoplasms, and non-neoplastic lesions which exhibit a difference in biological behaviors. Therefor it is important to study the morphological patterns of salivary gland neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. Methods and Materials: A retrospective cross-sectional study design was applied for Salivary gland lesions patients diagnosed at Jimma university medical center from September 2016 to August 2020. Results: from the total of 176 patients 135(76.7%) were neoplastic and the remaining 41(23.3%) were non-neoplastic lesions. Being in the age group of 21-40[odds ratio=5.172, 41-60[odds ratio =4.534], and having the lesions for duration >24 months [odds ratio 12.479] and the size of the mass >5 cm [odds ratio =19.486]were associated increased odds of neoplastic lesions, while the site of the lesions being in major groups of salivary glands [odds ratio=0.056] was associated with decreased likelihood of neoplastic Salivary gland lesions. Conclusion: The prevalence of neoplastic salivary lesions was three times more common than non-neoplastic ones and malignancies were slightly more common than benign lesions. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the commonest malignant while Pleomorphic adenoma was the commonest benign Salivary gland lesions both in females and males. The neoplastic Salivary gland lesions were highly associated with age, duration, tumor size and minor groups of salivary glands.

Climate change has appeared to be one of the most devastating environmental threats in the current century. Assessing the awareness of the general population is an important measure to develop mitigation activities. The study aimed to investigate the awareness of communities for climate change and to analyze role of urban agriculture for climate resilience. The primary data was collected via survey research strategy through structured questionnaire. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Arbaminch town. A pre-tested questionnaire was used in data collection to evaluate group differences for dichotomous variables. Logistic regression was also used to determine the strength of the association between factors. From the study, 87.2% respondents said they know about climate change and the rest 12.8 % of respondents said they don't know about Climate change. Out of the total respondents 87.2%, 70.7%, 63.4%, and 28% of them get information about climate change from media, family and friend, public meeting and lecture/ seminar respectively. Other sources of information accounted about 13.4% of the respondents' source of information. There was significant association between respondent's age, education level and occupation with awareness about climate change at the 5 % significant level. Similarly, respondent's age, education level and occupation were also statistically significant with the perception of respondents regarding the importance of urban agriculture for climate change intervention. Therefore, policies and intervention programs aimed at promoting household level climate change awareness needs to be provided through different alternatives. Moreover, promoting urban agriculture will be important as climate resilience option.