Recently precise positioning devices with low outgassing rates have been required for production systems of very large scale integrated circuits, surface analysis systems, and scanning tunneling microscopes in ultrahigh vacuum. A bakable XYθ three-axis positioning table using a unique positioning mechanism utilizing friction and inertial forces caused by rapid deformations of piezoelectric elements was developed. The table has a hexagonal shape of 120 mm in diameter and is mainly made of aluminum alloys with an EX-process. The table has three feet with an Si3N4 ball on each bottom side and set on a plate made of Pyrex glass. The table was able to operate in an ultrahigh vacuum environment of the order of 10−12 Torr.
Since the "Flood Fighting Act" was revised in 2001, the flood hazard map has positively been promoted by many local municipalities, and as of March 2002, 217 flood hazard maps had been produced. The effectiveness of flood hazard maps has already been verified in several cases. However, there are some issues on residents' understanding of flood hazard maps.In this study, we review the effectiveness of flood hazard maps and issues on residents' understanding of them, and we examine the role that flood hazard maps serve. Then, we grasp the state of residents' recognition of flood hazard maps. Moreover, we analyze the effect of the explanation meeting of the flood hazard map on residents' recognition.
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