Three glasshouse trials investigated N 2 fixation in white clover following inoculation with rhizobia from caucasian clover. We grew white clover in agar, vermiculite/perlite and soils low in available-N and with no detectable rhizobia. Media were subsequently treated with inoculum containing rhizobia effective on either (i) caucasian clover, (ii) white clover, or (iii) mixtures of the two. The percentage of ineffective nodules on white clover increased as the proportion of rhizobia from caucasian clover in the inoculant mix increased. However, the percentages of ineffective nodules on white clover were less than the proportion of ineffective rhizobia in the inoculant, indicating that the ineffective rhizobia were less competitive in nodule formation. Foliage yield and symbiotic N 2 fixation in white clover were not significantly affected when ineffective rhizobia from caucasian clover made up 67% or less of the inoculant. A03019; Online publication date 26 February 2004 Received 3 April 2003; accepted 15 August 2003However, when ineffective rhizobia made up a high proportion of the inoculant mix (>92%), both foliage yield and N 2 fixation were significantly reduced compared with plants inoculated with only white clover rhizobia. Extrapolation of the present glasshouse results to the field is difficult and further field trials are required to determine if rhizobia from caucasian clover have any effect on symbiotic N 2 fixation of white clover in pastoral situations.
The establishment from seed of 8 perennial legumes was investigated in 3 trials in drought-prone regions. Two trials, in central Hawke's Bay, aimed to determine the extent of establishment of 6 test species (Astragalus cicer, Coronilla varia, Dorycnium hirsutum, Dorycnium pentaphyllum, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus tenuis) and 2 standard species (Medicago sativa, Trifolium repens). The third trial, in Central Otago, aimed to identify the most effective strain of Rhizobium loti for nodulating D. hirsutum in the field. In Hawke's Bay, establishment of all species was satisfactory. Seedling emergence ranged from 0.2% (T. repens) to 25% (A. cicer, C. varia, D. hirsutum), but emergence levels for all species varied between trials. Herbage yields of A. cicer (4 t DM/ha), C. varia (3 t DM/ha) and L. tenuis (3.7 t DM/ha) were relatively high, and they could have potential as forages. Inoculation of seed of D. hirsutum with R. loti strain ICC211 resulted in 60% of seedlings being nodulated, compared with 25% where strain ICC224 was used. Foliage weights of all plants inoculated with strain ICC211 (154 mg) were higher than those inoculated with strain ICC224 (52 mg). Strain ICC211 is recommended for inoculating D. hirsutum. Keywords: dryland legumes, nodulation, plant establishment, revegetation
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