Rhizobium issues affecting the contribution of caucasian clover to New Zealand pastoral agriculture

Elliot, Rachel; Mcintyre, H. J.; Challis, B. C.; Pryor, H. N.; Lowther, W. L.; Ronson, Clive W.

doi:10.33584/jnzg.1998.60.2283

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…This mixture of clovers represents what is most likely to happen even where caucasian clover is sown without white clover because of the widespread presence of white clover seed in New Zealand pastoral lands. Elliot et al (1998) discussed the possibility of poor sociability between caucasian and white clover because of rhizobial incompatibility. However, in this and other experimental sowings (e.g., Black et al 2000;Moss et al 1996;Watson et al 1996), caucasian clover has appeared to be complementary rather than competitive towards white clover.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caucasian clover was more productive than white clover in grass mixtures under drought conditions

Black¹,

Lucas²

2000

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This experiment compared the productivity of caucasian or white clover when established with five perennial grass species over 6 years in a dry lowland environment. Hexaploid 'Endura' caucasian clover or 'Grasslands Demand' white clover were sown in December 1994 with high endophyte 'Yatsyn' perennial ryegrass, 'Grasslands Wana' cocksfoot, 'Grasslands Advance' tall fescue, 'Grasslands Gala' grazing brome, or 'Grasslands Maru' phalaris into a deep, fertile silt loam. Initial establishment of clovers was poor with ryegrass and grazing brome. Some volunteer white clover established in all 10 treatments. After the first 14 months, no irrigation was applied over the following 4 years. Sheep grazed plots about six times each year. The legume cover in 15-month-old pastures was higher when sown with white clover (29%) than caucasian clover (21%) but dry conditions during 1997/1998 (60% of 680 mm mean annual rainfall) and 1998/1999 (66% of mean rainfall) decreased the percentage of legume in white clover pastures. In February 1998 and March 1999, legume contributed 37% and 21% of the dry matter (DM) in caucasian clover pastures, but only 4% and 1% in pastures sown with white clover. Rainfall during the sixth season (1999/2000) was more favourable (111% of mean rainfall). Total DM production from July 1999 to June 2000 was 10.0 t DM/ha from caucasian clover pastures and 8.7 t DM/ha from pastures sown with white clover. The mean proportion of legume in white clover pastures ranged from 9% when sown with ryegrass and phalaris to 1% with cocksfoot. In contrast, mean caucasian clover legume contents were similar across all grass treatments at 20%, but reached 46% with cocksfoot during summer. It was concluded that caucasian clover is more tolerant of summer moisture stress than white clover when in association with perennial grass species. Keywords: botanical composition, Bromus stamineus, Dactylis glomerata, legume content, Lolium perenne, moisture stress, pasture production, Phalaris aquatica, Schedonorus phoenix syn. Festuca arundinacea, Trifolium ambiguum, T. repens

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caucasian clover was more productive than white clover in grass mixtures under drought conditions

Black¹,

Lucas²

2000

ProNZG

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“…This mixture of the two clover species represents what is most likely to happen even where caucasian clover is sown without white clover because of the widespread presence of white clover seed in New Zealand pastoral land. Elliot et al (1998) discussed the possibility of poor sociability between caucasian and white clover because of rhizobial incompatibility. However, in this and other experimental sowings (e.g., Black & Lucas 2000;Moss et al 1996;Watson et al 1996b), caucasian clover has appeared to be complementary rather than competitive towards white clover.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caucasian clover/ryegrass produced more legume than white clover/ryegrass pastures in a grazed comparison

Black¹,

Pollock²,

Lucas³

et al. 2000

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The potential of caucasian clover to improve the legume content of lowland New Zealand pastures should result in enhanced animal performance. Liveweight gains from eight flocks of ewe lambs rotationally grazing irrigated ryegrass pasture with caucasian or white clover at two levels of soil fertility (Olsen P values 10 or 22) were compared during years 2 (1998/1999) and 3 (1999/2000) of an ongoing grazing experiment in a lowland environment. Clovers were sown in December 1996 and ryegrass in March 1997 into the pure clover swards. Lamb liveweight gains were similar in year 2 (1130 kg/ha/yr), but in year 3, gains were greater on pastures sown with caucasian than on those sown with white clover (1290 vs. 1110 kg/ ha/yr). Spring liveweight gains per head per day averaged 170 g/hd/d in year 2, and in year 3 were greater from caucasian than white clover pasture (180 vs. 160 g/hd/d). Caucasian clover pastures had more legume on offer than pastures sown with white clover in year 2 (26% vs. 17%) and year 3 (19% vs. 12%). In year 3, 39% of the total legume on offer in caucasian clover pastures was volunteer white clover. Soil fertility had little influence on results. Early years of this grazing experiment showed that caucasian clover can establish as well as white clover if sown alone, and that sowing caucasian clover can result in lowland pastures with an increased total legume content which may improve liveweight gains. Keywords: legume content, Lolium perenne, pasture production, sheep liveweight gain, Trifolium ambiguum, T. repens

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“…In high country pasture environments at eight locations where natural seeding was encouraged the seed set ranged from 23 to 65% with a high proportion of hard seed, but no assessment of seed yield (Pryor et al 1996). The authors noted that rhizobia distribution would limit natural spread from seed; Elliot et al (1998) discussed rhizobia issues for Caucasian clover. Recent work suggests the rhizobia delivery question remains unresolved even at establishment (Black et al 2014).…”

Section: Caucasian Clover (Trifolium Ambiguum)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Availability of seed for hill country adapted forage legumes

Monk¹,

Moot²,

Belgrave³

et al. 2016

NZGA R&P Series

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New Zealand hill and high country are marginal environments for perennial ryegrass and white clover. Other pasture species, particularly legumes, provide more productive and persistent options for the range of soil climate and topography found in these environments. On cultivatable hill country, lucerne (alfalfa) has been successfully introduced to dryland areas with imported seed increasing five-fold to 210 t per annum over the last decade. This has led to the first release of a New Zealand selected cultivar in 20 years. For subterranean clover reliance on hardseeded Australian cultivars that frequently fail to meet New Zealand biosecurity standards means seed supply is inconsistent. The potential exists to create a niche seed market through selection of locally adapted material grown for seed in New Zealand. Lotus pedunculatus is available commercially but seed often fails to meet certification standards and is predominantly used in forestry. Lotus corniculatus requires agronomic research to overcome some management constraints and the re-establishment of seed supply before it would be a viable option for drier hill country. Seed production for perennial lupins in New Zealand is predominantly for an export ornamental market, with some direct relationships with growers allowing onfarm use. Caucasian clover seed production has ceased in New Zealand and the demand for seed particularly from high country farmers is no longer met. The smallseeded annual balansa clover is being integrated into farm systems and its prolific seeding has enabled some on-farm production of seed for personal use. For it and arrowleaf and Persian clovers, imported cultivars are available and a local market is unlikely to thrive until agronomic and hard seed issues are addressed. Seed supply of forage legumes to satisfy demand for hill country is problematic and will require development of different models including grower co-ops, regional seed retailers, and on-farm production for niche markets. Keywords: alfalfa, Lolium perenne, Lupinus polyphyllus, Medicago sativa, perennial ryegrass, Sitona lepidus, Trifolium ambiguum, Trifolium michelianum, Trifolium repens, Trifolium resupinatum, Trifolium subterraneum, Trifolium tumens, Trifolium vesiculosum, white clover

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Rhizobium issues affecting the contribution of caucasian clover to New Zealand pastoral agriculture

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Caucasian clover was more productive than white clover in grass mixtures under drought conditions

Caucasian clover was more productive than white clover in grass mixtures under drought conditions

Caucasian clover/ryegrass produced more legume than white clover/ryegrass pastures in a grazed comparison

Availability of seed for hill country adapted forage legumes

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