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Background and objective Researches on compost introduced the evidence of its benefits to plant productivity and soil fertility. These advantages are noticed in forms of improving soil water holding capacity and nutrient availability for plants. These changes can also improve plants’ capability to overcome salinity stress conditions. The application of osmo-protectant materials (proline and trehalose) and/or compost addition enhances plant antioxidative defense system against stress conditions. This experiment conducted to study the effect of spraying quinoa plants with proline and trehalose with and without soil compost addition under salinity stress on some morphological and physiological aspects. Materials and methods Quinoa plant was grown with or without compost in the soil and foliar sprayed with proline or trehalose under salt irrigation. Plant samples were taken after 60 days from sowing and at the end of the experiment for growth, yield, and biochemical measurements. Results Growth and yield measurements were decreased with salinity stress. High levels of both proline and trehalose recorded the highest values of total soluble sugars, proline, and free amino acids in both unstressed or salinity stressed plants with or without compost addition. The use of compost in soil for cultivating quinoa plants with either proline or trehalose treatments increased growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, and yield attributes. In addition, these treatments improved the accumulation of some organic solutes in leaves and promoted antioxidant enzyme activities. Conclusion Compost addition to soil with spraying proline or trehalose improved quinoa growth and yield and produced seed nutritional value.

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Background and objective: Certain substances with some physical and chemical activities can be used to decrease the transpiration rate and alleviate plant water stress through rising leaf resistance to the diffusion of water vapor. Wheat plant is considered as one of the most important and economic winter plants. So, the objective of this work is to evaluate the response of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Gimeza 7 to various concentrations of foliar application of anti-transpirant substances as kaolin (3 and 6%), potassium sulfate (100 and 200 mg/l). Materials and methods: Two pot experiments were conducted during 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 successive growing winter seasons under greenhouse conditions at the Experimental Station, in the National Research Centre, Egypt. The plants were exposed to various levels of water holding capacity (WHC) 80, 60, and 40%. Results: Water stress led to a decrease in growth parameters, yield components, photosynthetic pigments, and carbohydrate contents as compared to 80% of WHC. Meanwhile, water stress caused significant increases in some compatible solute (total soluble sugar, free amino acids, and proline) and some antioxidant enzymes activities. Foliar treatments of wheat plants with kaolin or K 2 SO 4 led to an increase in growth parameters, yield components, photosynthetic pigments, and carbohydrate constituents. More accumulation of the organic solutes of leaves (total soluble sugar and free amino acids), antioxidant enzyme activities, and some minerals (N, P, K, and Ca) was observed. Data also illustrated that the nutritional values of the grain yield of wheat were also improved when sprayed with kaolin and K 2 SO 4. Conclusion: The used substances are safe for the environment, and for the plant, potassium is an essential nutrient and its ability controls several biochemical and physiological responses in plants. Kaolin also can ameliorate plant physiology and consequently lead to higher yield production.

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The germination and water uptake of Vicia faba seeds were suppressed in response to the treatments with the different concentrations of sea water (5%, 25% and 50%). The following parameters were increased: the osmotic potential, Na + , Cl -, proline and protease activity. While K + , K + /Na + ratio, Ca 2+ , amylase activity and total soluble sugars were decreased. Gibberellic acid treatments to the seeds counteracted the harmful effect which were induced by sea water treatments. In turn the germination percentage, water uptake, K + , K + /Na + ratio, Ca 2+ , total soluble sugars, a -amylase and protease activities were increased, while Na + , Cl -, and proline were decreased.The changes in protein banding pattern in Vicia faba germinated seeds in sea water were investigated. Salinization induced de novo synthesis of some salt responsive proteins. The salt responsive proteins might be osmotin (M wt 23.39 and 26.86 KDa), dehydrin (36.79 and 40.63 KDa) and ubiquitin (8.81 KDa) which were apparent in Vicia faba seeds. The seeds priming soaking in GA and germinated in sea water induced de novo synthesis of some responsive proteins. This indicated that gibberellic acid had a synergistic effect on the induction of the salt gene which is responsible for the synthesis of the mentioned proteins.