Nitric oxide (NO) produced at high concentrations by the inducible NO synthase is an important effector molecule involved in immune regulation and defense. The involvement of NO in the toxicity of cadmium (Cd) has been proposed. We have established that Cd inhibits the production of NO by recombinant IFN-gamma (rIFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. In the present study, we searched restoration drug against the inhibition of NO production by Cd in Oriental medicine. An aqueous extract of Taraxacum officinale (Compositae) (TOAE) restored the inhibition of NO production by mouse peritoneal macrophages pretreated with Cd in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of TOAE was mainly dependent on TOAE-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion. These results suggest that the capacity of TOAE to restore NO production from interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-primed mouse peritoneal macrophages is the result of TOAE-induced TNF-alpha secretion.
The crude drug "Siberian Ginseng (SG)" has long been used in empirical Oriental medicine for the nonspecific enhancement of resistance in humans and animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of cell cultured SG by oral administration in mast cell-mediated allergic reactions. SG dose-dependently inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic allergy with doses of 10(-2) to 1 g/kg 1 h before oral administration. Of special note, SG inhibited systemic allergy with the dose of 1 g/kg by 25%. SG (1 g/kg) also inhibited passive cutaneous allergic reaction by 51%. SG dose-dependently inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. When SG (0.01 mg/ml) was added, the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 in antidinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE antibody-stimulated mast cells was inhibited 39.5% and 23.3%, respectively. In addition, SG inhibited anti-DNP IgE antibody-stimulated TNF-alpha protein expression in mast cells. Our studies provide evidence that SG may be beneficial in the treatment of various types of allergic diseases.
We investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Soloanum lyratum THUNB. (Solanaceae) (SLAE) on anaphylactic reaction. The mast cell is widely thought to contribute to the acute changes associated with anaphylaxis. SLAE inhibited skin mast cells-mediated anaphylactic reaction activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. SLAE dose-dependently inhibited histamine release in mouse peritoneal mast cells activated by anti-DNP IgE or substance P. Substance P increased steady state levels of L-histidine decarboxylase (HDC) mRNA in mouse mastocytoma P-815 cells. Northern-blot analysis demonstrated that significantly reduced level of the mRNA of HDC was expressed in mast cells treated with SLAE, compared to that without SLAE. We conclude that SLAE directly affect IgE-mediated anaphylactic reaction and substance P-induced HDC mRNA over-expression.
SUMMARYWe have investigated the ability of an antisense immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor a-subunit oligodeoxynucleotide (FceRIa ODN ) specifically to inhibit IgE-mediated allergic reactions in the mouse. Synthetic antisense FceRIa ODN dose-dependently inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and histamine release from the mouse peritoneal mast cells (MPMC ) activated by antidinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. Northern blot analysis showed that the mast cells treated with antisense FceRIa ODN exhibited no detectable levels of -histidine decarboxylase mRNA after anti-DNP IgE stimulation, whereas the cells treated with sense FceRIa ODN possessed significant amounts of this mRNA. Examination of the elevation of cAMP levels in MPMC following the activation with anti-DNP IgE demonstrated a significant rise in activated cells, but not in the antisense FceRIa ODN-treated cells. Moreover, antisense FceRIa ODN had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE-induced tumour necrosis factor-a production. Our results demonstrated that antisense FceRIa ODN inhibited the IgE-mediated allergic reaction in vivo and in vitro.
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