Numerous methods have been developed to detect process anomalies during machining. Statistical approaches for semisupervised anomaly detection compute decision boundaries using information of normal running processes for process evaluation. In this paper, two statistical approaches for semi-supervised anomaly detection in machining based on envelopes are presented and compared. The proposed parametric approach assumes normal distributed envelopes to compute decision boundaries. However, experiments show that deviations from a normal distribution can reduce the monitoring quality. The new approach is non-parametric and employs kernel density estimation (KDE) to estimate the probability density function of the envelopes. Both approaches were evaluated for several machining processes. It is found that the parametric approach is robust against high scattering processes and yields low false alarm rates. By means of the selected safety factor, the number of detected anomalies can be increased using the non-parametric approach.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
In the middle ages, uroscopy was the main nosological principle in medicine. It lead to quackery. One of the critics of uroscopy, who demanded a medicine mainly oriented on the patient, was Thomas Brian in 1637.
Die hürdenreiche Entwicklung der Sectio alta leidet sehr unter dem hippokratischen Dogma der Letalität von Blasenwunden und jahrtausendelang unter den engen Grenzen der chirurgischen Kunst. Erst in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts treffen mit der Narkose,dem Weichgummikatheter Nelatons, dem Streben nach einer pimären Blasennaht, der Listerschen Antisepsis und der v. Bergmannschen Asepsis wie bei einer Punktlandung entscheidende Voraussetzungen zusammen, die die Suprapubica zur Standardmethode für chirurgische Blasenleiden schlechthin erheben. Im Grunde fehlen nur noch die Antibiotika, welche wiederum l00 Jahre später Operationen wie nach Harris-Hryntschak zum Durchbruch verhelfen (Abb. 1).Wenn man einmal vom Unvermögen im Altertum absieht, so fehlt es in der Neuzeit nicht an Kreativität und manuellem Geschick chirurgisch tätiger Ärzte, die unter dem Zwang qualvoller Patientenschicksale die Sectio alta wagen und dabei die Furcht vor dem Herrn und dem Bauchfell überwinden, wohl wissend, dass ihre konventionellen Dammschnit-te technisch und kurativ alles andere als ideale Lösungen waren.
Geschichte der MedizinUrologe [B] 2001 · 41:585-588
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