There are several different technical disciplines focused on improving the systems that humans use, creating an ‘alphabet soup’ of acronyms to stay abreast of. While they all build upon a common emphasis of developing systems around their users, there are differences (both perceived and real) across disciplines such as Human Factors Engineering (HFE), Human Systems Integration (HSI), Human Computer Interaction (HCI), User Experience (UX), and Design Thinking (DT). A panel discussed what each of these disciplines are (and what they are not), when and how they get involved in system development, their philosophies and methods for system development, and where they share common interests. Panelists were asked philosophical, practical, and scenario-based questions, before opening the floor to the audience.
A central concern of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is the effect of in-vehicle devices (e.g., cell phones, navigation systems, radios, etc.) on driver performance and safety. As diverse and innovative technologies are designed and implemented for in-vehicle use, questions regarding the presence
In this paper we provide a general descriptive framework that relates the action of stress on operator performance capacity. The key advantage of our approach is that it allows us to capture simultaneously the influences of both physical and cognitive forms of stress and their singular and interactive effects on response efficiency. This is accomplished within the model since we propose that response processes to physiological challenge and psychological challenge are fundamentally identical in their mode of operation. By considering the commonalities of brain function with the response processes of other organs of the body, we can now use the extensive existing body of physiological insight to provide us with guiding principles to explore undoubtedly more complex cognitive responses to stress. This descriptive framework represents the foundation upon which a fully articulated theory of stress and performance is being erected.
The present study investigated the effects of perceived control over aspects of a task (difficulty) on stress and workload in a vigilance task. Additionally, individual differences in dispositional factors and coping strategy chosen by the operator were considered. Prior research has indicated that pessimism has an effect on the level of experienced stress. Additionally, coping strategies have been linked to stress and workload ratings in a variety o f t asks (Matthews & Campbell, 1998). While these factors have been investigated independently, as is frequently the case, their complex interaction has remained unaddressed. In the study, we found that optimism was negatively related t o task engagement, though i t was p ositively related t o distress. Additionally, it was found to be a predictor of task-focused coping behaviors. More conscientious people were less likely to engage in task-focused or emotion-focused coping. Those who were less pessimistic tended to have heightened worry over the task.
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