This experiment amid to investigate the effect of two strawberry cultivars (Festival and Sweet Charlie), two auxins, i.e. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and1-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and activated charcoal on the in vitro roots formation (rooting stage) of strawberry plantlets. The obtained results showed that, Sweet Charlie cultivar being the superior one and recorded the maximum values of both root and shoot length, number of roots and leaves, the fresh and dry weight of roots and leaves of plantlet as compared with Festival cultivar. It is evident that, using ½ MS-medium supplemented with 1.0 mg /l IBA+0.5 g /l activated charcoal being the most effective and superior treatment for increasing both root and shoot length. While, rooting medium contained ½ MS-medium + 1 .0 mg /l IBA or 0.5mg /l IBA +0.5 mg /l NAA recorded the highest values of number of both roots and leaves per plantlet .In addition ,using ½ MS-medium supplemented with 1.0 mg /l NAA recorded the maximum values of the fresh and dry weight of roots per plantlet. Furthermore, the highest value for each of fresh weight of crown and leaves per plantlet, was obtained by using ½ MS-medium supplemented with 0.5 mg /l IBA+0.5 mg /l NAA. On the other hand, using ½ MS-medium + 0.5 mg /l IBA + 0.5 mg /l NAA + 0.5g /l activated charcoal being the superior treatment and recorded the maximum values of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, total carbohydrate and total protein content (%). Transfer shoots of Sweet Charlie cultivar to the rooting medium contained ½ MS-medium +1.0 mg /l IBA +0.5 g/l activated charcoal recorded the maximum values of both root and shoot length, number of leaves per plantlet, the fresh and dry weight of leaves, as well as the dry weight of crown per plantlet. While, the highest number of roots per plantlet was more achieve via using ½ MS-medium + 1.0 mg/l IBA. Moreover, cultured shoots of Festival cultivar on ½ MS-medium supplemented with 0.5 mg /l IBA+0.5 mg /l NAA being the most effective and favorable treatment for increasing the fresh weight of roots per plantlet. On the other hand, the highest increase of the fresh weight of crown per plantlet were more distinct via the interaction treatment between such cultivar and using ½ MSmedium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l NAA. Furthermore, using the rooting culture medium contained ½ MS-medium+0.5 mg/l IBA+0.5 g /l activated charcoal recorded the highest value for each of nitrogen and total protein content (%) in the plantlets of Festival cultivar, while cultured shoots of Sweet Charlie cultivar on the same rooting medium, registered the maximum increase of phosphorus, potassium and total carbohydrates content (%).

This work was carried out during the two successive summer seasons of 2003 and 2004 at El-Khattara Experimental Farm, Fac. Agric., Zagazig University, to evaluate the effect of single and combined applications of mineral and biofertilizers on growth, yield and its components, tuber root quality and storability of sweet potato cv. Mabroka under sandy soil conditions.Nitrobein (Nr) was used as a nitrogen fixing bacteria in addition to phosphorein (Pr) as a phosphate dissolving bacteria. Fertilization of sweet potato plants with NP mineral fertilizers at 100% of the recommend rates (80 N + 60 P2O5 ) kg/fed , or N + P fertilizers combined with the biofertilizers phosphorein (Pr) or nitrobein (Nr) at different rates and combinations of 80 N + 30 P2O5 + 0.6 Pr , 80 N + 15 P2O5 + 1.2 Pr, 40 N + 60 P2O5 + 1 Nr , 20 N + 60 P2O5 + 2 Nr , 40 N + 30 P2O5 + 1 Nr + 0.6 Pr and 20 N + 15 P2O5 + 2 Nr + 1.2 Pr ( kg/ fed) , significantly increased plant growth characters (vine length, number of both branches and leaves / plant and dry weight of different plant parts, number of tuber roots/ plant and total yield , comparing with using biofertilizers alone .In general, fertilization of sweet potato with N+P at 80 kg N +60 kg P2O/ fed or the combinations of N+P and Nr +Pr at different rates gave the highest values of average tuber root weight, yield /plant and yield of oversized, marketable and total yield, whereas, Nr and Pr at different rates without mineral fertilizers gave the lowest values of yield and its components.However, inoculation of sweet potato plants with biofertilizers without mineral fertilizers, gave tuber roots with good quality and storability concerning TSS, total carbohydrates, total sugars, weight loss and sprouting of tuber roots with non significant differences between them.Therefore, treating sweet potato plants with 1 kg (Nr) + 0.6kg (Pr) + 40kg (N) + 30kg (P2O5), can be recommended to improve productivity, tuber root quality, storability as well as reducing the need for minerals and in turn reduced the cost of production and also decreased the environmental pollution.

The uptake by plants of trace elements from the soil depends to a large extent on root characteristics and activities. Differences between plant species and varieties in the uptake of trace elements are well known. Less understood, however, are the mechanisms governing these differences and the relative significance of various root parameters.Spinach and bean varieties were, therefore, compared with respect to their root lengths and number of root apices, and to the uptake of Mn, Fe and Zn from soil-sand mixtures. The results showed significant differences among the varieties tested, both in root characteristics and in the uptake of trace elements. However, no relationships were evident between the trace element uptake by spinach varieties and their root characteristics. Contrary to this the Fe-uptake by bean varieties exhibited a clear dependence on the total number of root apices. The uptake of Mn and Zn showed a similar relationship with some exceptions. Whether the apical regions of individual roots are the most active sites of uptake or rather affect the solubility of trace elements will be the subject of further investigations.

The present work was done in a private nursery under plastic houses conditions in Belbeis District, Sharkia Governorate (Egypt), during 2014 and 2015 seasons to study the effect of two mineral nitrogen fertilizer treatments and six culture media on seed germination (%), vegetative growth characters, fresh and dry weights, growth analyses and chemical composition of eggplant transplants at 60 days from seed sowing. The obtained results showed that, the maximum values of seed germination (%) were recorded by without application of mineral nitrogen fertilizer and using the culture media treatment of peat moss: vermiculite: compost at a ratio of 2:1:0 (V/V/V), respectively in the first season and at a ratio of 1:1:0 and/or 3:1:0 (V/V/V) in the second season. In addition, all tested fertilizer treatments did not caused any significant effect on all parameters of studied growth characters, except the dry weight of shoots in the first season only, were recorded the highest value by application of mineral nitrogen fertilizer. On the other hand, using the culture media which contained peat moss: vermiculite: compost at a ratio of 3:1:1 (V/V/V), respectively recorded the maximum increment in fresh weight of parts and total fresh weight of whole transplant and had a significant effect on studied fresh weight ratio (FWR), root/plant dry weight ratio (Rw/Pw) characters, as well as on the potassium percentage in the tissue of transplants. The interaction between the culture media contained of peat moss: vermiculite: compost at a ratio of 3:1:0 (V/V/V), respectively with application of mineral nitrogen fertilizer was the superior interaction treatment which had significantly effect on N, P, K and total carbohydrates contents in eggplant transplants, as well as dry weight of different parts of transplant in the second season only.

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during the period from 2017 to 2018 to develop a protocol for micropropagation of two watermelon cultivars (Star and Romero) by using lateral buds as explant. Nodes of the two cultivars cultured on MS media containing different concentrations of benzyle adenine (BA) through multiplication stage. The highest shoot length was recorded on MS media containing 0.5 mg BA/l for Romero cultivar, whereas lateral buds of Star cultivar which cultured on MS media containing 1.5 and 4 mg BA/l showed the best No. of shoots and leaves/plantlet, respectively. The best results for roots formation percentage of Romero plantlets were MS media containing Indole bytric acid (IBA) at 1 or 1.5 mg/l followed by Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 0.5 or 1 mg/l through rooting stage.

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