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The development of the agricultural sector is considered the backbone of sustainable development in Egypt. While the developing countries of the world face many challenges regarding food security due to rapid population growth and limited agricultural resources, this study aimed to assess the soils of Sidi Barrani and Salloum using multivariate analysis to determine the land capability and crop suitability for potential alternative crop uses, based on using principal component analysis (PCA), agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis (AHC) and the Almagra model of MicroLEIS. In total, 24 soil profiles were dug, to represent the geomorphic units of the study area, and the soil physicochemical parameters were analyzed in laboratory. The land capability assessment was classified into five significant classes (C1 to C5) based on AHC and PCA analyses. The class C1 represents the highest capable class while C5 is assigned to lowest class. The results indicated that about 7% of the total area was classified as highly capable land (C1), which is area characterized by high concentrations of macronutrients (N, P, K) and low soil salinity value. However, about 52% of the total area was assigned to moderately high class (C2), and 29% was allocated in moderate class (C3), whilst the remaining area (12%) was classified as the low (C4) and not capable (C5) classes, due to soil limitations such as shallow soil depth, high salinity, and increased erosion susceptibility. Moreover, the results of the Almagra soil suitability model for ten crops were described into four suitability classes, while about 37% of the study area was allocated in the highly suitable class (S2) for wheat, olive, alfalfa, sugar beet and fig. Furthermore, 13% of the area was categorized as highly suitable soil (S2) for citrus and peach. On the other hand, about 50% of the total area was assigned to the marginal class (S4) for most of the selected crops. Hence, the use of multivariate analysis, mapping land capability and modeling the soil suitability for diverse crops help the decision makers with regard to potential agricultural development.

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Six field experiments were carried out in 2015 -16 and 2016 -17 seasons. A randomize complete block design with three replications was used at three locations :1. Giza Experiment Station (latitude 30.01 0 N and longitude 31.21 0 E); 2. Tamiya District, Fayoum Governorate (latitude 29.30 0 N and longitude 30.84 0 E) and 3. Ismailia Governorate (latitude 30.36 0 N and longitude 32.16 0 E)]. The performance of six sugar beet varieties (cvs.); Samba, Pleno, Gloria, Poly belga, Oscar poly and Gazella was studied to estimate sugar yield and its contributing traits as well juice quality traits under the three environmental conditions. The obtained results showed that growing seasons had a significant effect on impurities (K, Na and α-amino N), some technological characteristics (purity, extractable sugar, sucrose and sugar lost to molasses percentages) as well sugar yields/fed. The effect of varieties and locations factors significantly affected sugar percentage, extractable and sugar yield. The obtained results indicated that sowing Samba variety in the three locations had the highest sugar extraction and sugar percentages as well as sugar yield/fed. In general, results revealed that Samba variety followed by Gazella is favorable for the regions of Giza, Fayoum and Ismailia Governorates.

The sustainable agricultural development in the northwest coast of Egypt suffers constantly from the effects of surface runoff. Moreover, there is an urgent need by decision makers to know the effects of runoff. So the aim of this work is to integrate remote sensing and field data and the natural resource conservation service curve number model (NRCS-CN).using geographic information systems (GIS) for spatial evaluation of surface runoff .CN approach to assessment the effect of patio-temporal variations of different soil types as well as potential climate change impact on surface runoff. DEM was used to describe the effects of slope variables on water retention and surface runoff volumes. In addition the results reflects that the magnitude of surface runoff is associated with CN values using NRCS-CN model . The average of water retention ranging between 2.5 to 3.9m the results illustrated that the highest value of runoff is distinguished around the urban area and its surrounding where it ranged between 138 - 199 mm. The results show an increase in the amount of surface runoff to 199 mm when rainfall increases 200 mm / year. The north of the area may be exposed to erosion hazards more than the south and a change in the soil quality may occur in addition to the environmental imbalance in the region.

Preserving the sustainable agriculture concept requires identifying the plant response to the water regime and rationing the water for irrigation. This research compares different irrigation designs coupled with a parametric evaluation system on soil water erosion and soil suitability to assess the sites vulnerable to soil erosion based on a soil water erosion model (ImpelERO) in an area of 150.0 hectares, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. Land suitability maps are prepared using the Geographic Information System (GIS), and the soil properties are analyzed and evaluated for the different surface, sprinkler, and drip irrigation methods. The results show that the sprinkler and drip irrigation strategies are more practical irrigation methods and additional environment friendly than surface irrigation for enhancing land productivity. Moreover, the principle acumen for creating use of the surface irrigation on this space is for lowering the soil salinity. Land capability index for surface irrigation ranges from 20.5 to 72.2% (permanently not suitable N2 to moderately suitable S2); and the max capability index (Ci) for drip irrigation was 81.3% (highly suitable-S1), while the mean capability index (Ci) was 42.87% (Currently not suitable-NI). The land suitability of the study area using sprinkler irrigation was ranked as highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3), and currently not suitable (N1). Thus, the obtained data indicated that applying drip irrigation (trickle irrigation) was the most efficient system compared to the sprinkle and surface irrigation systems. To identify the soil, water erosion vulnerability, and soil optimal management strategies for the agricultural parcel in that region, the ImpelERO model (soil erosion vulnerability/impact/management) was applied. Erosion risk classes ranged from V2 (small) to V3 (moderate), that that region categorized as small-sensitive to water erosion by alfalfa, to moderate-sensitive to water erosion by olive. The results of soil losses varied from 7.1 to 37.9 t ha−1 yr−1 with an average of 17.7 t ha−1 yr−1. Thus, guarantee efficient water use and soil suitability for food production in the future will require the use of an efficient irrigation system.

urvey of tomato wilt was carried out through two successive growing seasons (2013 and 2014) in farms' located at 4 sites belonging to four Egyptian Governorates (Behera, Minofiya, Ismailia and Minia). The disease incidence in these sites ranged between 14.3 in Ismailia Governorate and 37.5% in Minofiya Governorate. Isolation on Potato Agar medium from naturally infected plants collected from some Egyptian Governorates resulted in obtaining many fungal isolates that proved to be pathogenic to tomato Super-Strain B cultivar on pathogenicity test.The agent responsible for wilt of tomato in Egypt was identified as Fusarium oxysporum. The pathogenic capabilities of eight fungal isolates representing different localities in different Governorates, i.e. Behera, Minofiya, Ismailia and Minia were investigated., Pathogenicity test using eight isolates of Fusarium oxysporum isolated from naturally infected tomato plants showing typical symptoms of wilt revealed that they were all able to cause wilt symptoms on different tomato cultivars. In this respect, isolate of F. oxysporum isolated from El-Khatatba, Minofiya Governorate was the most virulent that induced the disease in tomato plants. Ten plant species were evaluated for their reactions to infection with the most virulent isolate, El-Khattba (Minofiya Governorate). The RAPD-PCR of the DNA analysis using 10-mer primer of eight isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici collected from different Governorates showed variations in DNA pattern. To test their response to infection with this isolate, ten tomato cultivars were evaluated to infection by the most virulent isolate (isolated from El-Khattba, Minofiya Governorate) and the results indicated that cv. Super-Strain B was the highest susceptible, whereas cv. Super-Marmand was the lowest one. Moreover, effect of tomato seedlings age of Super-Strain B (highly susceptible) and Super-Marmand (low susceptible) on infection by the most virulent isolate of the pathogen was tested.

This experiment amid to investigate the effect of two strawberry cultivars (Festival and Sweet Charlie), two auxins, i.e. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and1-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and activated charcoal on the in vitro roots formation (rooting stage) of strawberry plantlets. The obtained results showed that, Sweet Charlie cultivar being the superior one and recorded the maximum values of both root and shoot length, number of roots and leaves, the fresh and dry weight of roots and leaves of plantlet as compared with Festival cultivar. It is evident that, using ½ MS-medium supplemented with 1.0 mg /l IBA+0.5 g /l activated charcoal being the most effective and superior treatment for increasing both root and shoot length. While, rooting medium contained ½ MS-medium + 1 .0 mg /l IBA or 0.5mg /l IBA +0.5 mg /l NAA recorded the highest values of number of both roots and leaves per plantlet .In addition ,using ½ MS-medium supplemented with 1.0 mg /l NAA recorded the maximum values of the fresh and dry weight of roots per plantlet. Furthermore, the highest value for each of fresh weight of crown and leaves per plantlet, was obtained by using ½ MS-medium supplemented with 0.5 mg /l IBA+0.5 mg /l NAA. On the other hand, using ½ MS-medium + 0.5 mg /l IBA + 0.5 mg /l NAA + 0.5g /l activated charcoal being the superior treatment and recorded the maximum values of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, total carbohydrate and total protein content (%). Transfer shoots of Sweet Charlie cultivar to the rooting medium contained ½ MS-medium +1.0 mg /l IBA +0.5 g/l activated charcoal recorded the maximum values of both root and shoot length, number of leaves per plantlet, the fresh and dry weight of leaves, as well as the dry weight of crown per plantlet. While, the highest number of roots per plantlet was more achieve via using ½ MS-medium + 1.0 mg/l IBA. Moreover, cultured shoots of Festival cultivar on ½ MS-medium supplemented with 0.5 mg /l IBA+0.5 mg /l NAA being the most effective and favorable treatment for increasing the fresh weight of roots per plantlet. On the other hand, the highest increase of the fresh weight of crown per plantlet were more distinct via the interaction treatment between such cultivar and using ½ MSmedium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l NAA. Furthermore, using the rooting culture medium contained ½ MS-medium+0.5 mg/l IBA+0.5 g /l activated charcoal recorded the highest value for each of nitrogen and total protein content (%) in the plantlets of Festival cultivar, while cultured shoots of Sweet Charlie cultivar on the same rooting medium, registered the maximum increase of phosphorus, potassium and total carbohydrates content (%).