To develop agriculture, it is crucial to introduce digital farming. This is a fundamentally new management strategy based on digital technologies associated with the use of geographic information systems of global positioning, onboard computers, and smart equipment, as well as managerial and executive processes that can differentiate the methods of farming, fertilization, and adding chemical ameliorants and plant protection products. The study aims at determining the applied aspects and key components within a system of digital farming as a tool for the sustainable development of the agricultural business. The authors chose a mixed type of research, with a predominance of qualitative research methods. In particular, to collect data, the authors analyzed scientific sources on the research problem and conducted an expert survey measuring the degree of consistency of expert opinions with mathematical processing of the results obtained. It was determined that in Russia, it is necessary to consistently introduce the use of digital farming. This includes the introduction of parallel stirring, the ability to turn off the sections of the seeder on the floors, the re-equipment of crop protection sprayers to turn off the sections on the floors, and the acquisition of new equipment for differentiated fertilization. The authors conclude that the introduction of digital farming by agricultural producers is a tool for sustainable development and planning in agriculture and increasing the competitiveness of the agricultural business since it increases the economic (increased yields, reduced crop losses, increased land bank efficiency), environmental (production in risky farming areas), and social (increasing the level of personnel qualification and social standards) efficiency of their activities.
Introduction: School feeding is given particular importance all over the world as a factor ensuring food security and affecting socio-economic welfare and health of children. It is provided through an effective system of organization of school meals, which monitoring and evaluation is always relevant. Objective: A hygienic assessment of up-to-date organization of school nutrition in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods: We analyzed monitoring data and results of control and supervisory activities carried out with respect to schools (n = 44,419) and public catering companies (n = 7,473) by the Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) in the 2020 to 2021 academic year using methods of descriptive statistics. Results: We established a rise of the hot meal coverage rate over the past decade up to 91.4 %, reaching 100.0 % among schoolchildren in grades 1-4 in a number of regions. The coverage with hot meals of the schoolchildren requiring special nutrition due to their health condition equaled 92.7 % in the Russian Federation as a whole. The evaluation of nutritional and biological values of school breakfasts and lunches showed that they generally covered the needs of a growing organism for vitamins A, B, and C, while a deficiency of vitamin D was noted. Conclusion: The recognized importance of school meals in health maintenance of the general population indicates the necessity of their continuous monitoring, the study of regularities and features of physiology of a child, and supervision of effectiveness of healthy school feeding.
Background: Disturbances in the diet and time of eating meals observed in the population in recent years and characterized by a deficiency of the main nutrients and unhealthy eating habits (e.g., addiction to fatty foods, excessive salt and sugar consumption) dictate the necessity of constant monitoring of school meals in order to develop effective measures for prevention of diet-related disorders in children and adolescents. Objective: Scientific analysis of the results of monitoring qualitative and quantitative indicators of school feeding and the prevalence of nutrition-related diseases in the child population. Materials and methods: We examined reports and statistical data of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, findings of the surveys of school principals, children and parents, and results of analyzing parental control data for the 2020/21 academic year. Results: Incidence rates of child and adolescent obesity, diabetes mellitus, and diseases of the circulatory system demonstrate a positive trend. We established the main reasons for high school students’ refusal of school meals, studied satisfaction of children and parents with school feeding, and assessed the results of parental control over school catering. High prevalence of nutrition-related diseases confirms the importance of monitoring school meals, developing innovative forms and revising their dominating stereotypes. Conclusion: Assessment of diet-related disease rates in schoolchildren updates the significance of their nutrition and health monitoring, the study of nutrition structure, eating behavior, and school catering. The conducted survey of schoolchildren and parents has revealed key problems in school feeding, which require prompt correction. Outcomes of parental control are an additional indicator of nutrition quality at school. The reserve for improving the effectiveness of parental control can become systematization of this work and its evaluation with account for the days of the week and their corresponding menu items, as well as breaks and their corresponding contingents of children eating school meals.
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