The temperature and frequency dependence of the microwave and optical conductivity are studied for a BCS superconductor with weak elastic scattering [1/r & 26(0), where r is the scattering time and b, ( T) is the BCS energy gap]. The results are interpreted in terms of a two-(luid model in which the combined oscillator strength of the 5 function at the origin and the thermally excited free-carrier conductivity is found to be only weakly temperature dependent. The low-frequency conductivity is shown to be a function of co~, in the clean limit, with a characteristic logarithmic divergence at co=0. The frequency dependence of the microwave surface resistance is discussed and comparison is made to the recent experimental results of Bonn, Hardy, and co-workers on YBa2Cu307 t; single crystals.

According to this 1-year observational study, EVAR may be a cost-effective strategy compared with OSR for high-risk patients. Longer-term data are needed to decrease the uncertainty associated with the results.

Based on commonly quoted willingness-to-pay thresholds, EVAR was not found to be cost-effective compared to OR.

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Background. This paper presents unpublished clinical and economic data associated with open surgical repair (OSR) in low risk (LR) patients and how it compares with EVAR and OSR in high risk (HR) patients with an AAA > 5.5 cm. Design. Data from a 1-year prospective observational study was used to compare EVAR in HR patients versus OSR in HR and LR patients. Results. Between 2003 and 2005, 140 patients were treated with EVAR and 195 with OSR (HR: 52; LR: 143). The 1-year mortality rate with EVAR was statistically lower than HR OSR patients and comparable to LR OSR patients. One-year health-related quality of life was lower in the EVAR patients compared to OSR patients. EVAR was cost-effective compared to OSR HR but not when compared to OSR LR patients. Conclusions. Despite a similar clinical effectiveness, these results suggest that, at the current price, EVAR is more expensive than open repair for low risk patients.

Purpose:To investigate if study design factors such as randomization, multi-center versus single center evidence, institutional surgical volume, and patient selection affect the outcomes for endovascular repair (EVAR) versus open surgical repair (OSR). Finally, we investigate trends over time in EVAR versus OSR outcomes.Methods:Search strategies for comparative studies were performed individually for: OVID’s MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, HAPI, and Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) Reviews (including Cochrane DSR, ACP Journal Club, DARE and CCTR), limited to 1990 and November 2006.Results:Identified literature: 84 comparative studies pertaining to 57,645 patients. These include 4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), plus 2 RCTs with long-term follow-up. The other 78 comparative studies were nonrandomized with 75 reporting perioperative outcomes, of which 16 were multi-center, and 59 single-center studies. Of the single-center studies 31 were low-volume and 28 were high-volume centers. In addition, 5 studies had all patients anatomically eligible for EVAR, and 8 studies included high-risk patients only. Finally, 25 long term observational studies reported outcomes up to 3 years.Outcomes:Lower perioperative mortality and rates of complications for EVAR versus OSR varied across study designs and patient populations. EVAR adverse outcomes have decreased in recent times.Conclusion:EVAR highlights the problem of performing meta-analysis when the experience evolves over time.

Key Messages• High-rise, downtown condominiums have been studied separately from suburban projects, while midsized urban centres have been neglected. • Suburban condominiums have been as common as their better-known downtown cousins, in part because more profitable than rental housing. • Condominiums, new and converted, are a prominent feature of mid-sized urban centres such as Hamilton, Ontario, and not only of major metro areas.By definition, all condominiums share social features and challenges of governance, but they have inspired two separate narratives: as suburban, often gated, communities and as downtown high-rises or conversions. In Canada, as elsewhere, research has focused on large urban areas, neglecting subtly different dynamics in smaller centres. The purpose of this case study of mid-sized Hamilton, Ontario, was to assess whether and how those dynamics are different across a whole metro area, using newspapers and building permit data. It tracks the changing place of condo developments and conversions across Hamilton since 1970. For decades, most developments were suburban town (row) houses; since 2000, downtown revival has included conversions and taller, new-build projects. It argues that early developments and conversions reflected a "value gap" in relation to purpose-built rental apartments. Led by a migrant arts community, recent centralization has exploited an inner-city "rent gap," coupled with a popular reassessment of urban living. La place changeante des condominiums dans une région métropolitaine, 1970-2015 Tous les condominiums présentent des caractéristiques particulières et soulèvent des défis de d'intégration urbaine. Cependant, on retrouve généralement deux types distincts d'implantation, soit au sein des communautés banlieusardes, souvent avec accès protégés, soit comme immeubles en hauteur ou convertis au centre-ville. L'objectif de la présente étude de cas, réalisée à Hamilton en Ontario, est d'évaluer si et comment ces dynamiques propres aux très grandes agglomérations sont différentes dans une région métropolitaine de taille moyenne en utilisant les données provenant des journaux et des permis de construire. Ainsi, cette recherche fait le suivi de la place changeante des développements et des conversions de condos à Hamilton depuis 1970. Pendant des décennies, la plupart des développements de ce type étaient des maisons en rangées en banlieue. Or, depuis 2000, la revitalisation du centre-ville a inclus des projets de conversions et de nouveaux édifices plus hauts. Nous soutenons ici que les premiers développements et les premières conversions de condos reflétaient un « fossé de valeurs » par rapport aux résidents des logements construits à des fins de location. The Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien 2020, 64(2): 294-309Pour sa part, la centralisation récente, dirigée par une communauté artistique migrante, a plutôt exploité l'idée d'un « manque de loyers » dans les quartiers centraux afin de légitimer sa présence, le tout combiné à la rhétorique d'un regain d'intérêt po...

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