Aim
To infer areas of endemism for the tribe Oryzomyini in South America by employing a database of species richness and geographical distribution, and to compare these results with areas of endemism and species richness proposed in the literature for other taxa.
Location
We analysed specimens of the tribe Oryzomyini distributed throughout South and Central America, which are housed in European, North and South American museums and collections.
Methods
We analysed 2768 occurrence records for 102 species of the tribe Oryzomyini using the ndm/vndm algorithm and three different grid sizes to assess the possible effects of grid cell area on the results.
Results
Using the overlap of consensus areas in South America, we identified three generalized areas of endemism for the Oryzomyini: north‐western South America (NWSA), eastern South American (ESA), and northern South America (NSA); we also identified the Galápagos archipelago (GA) as an area of endemism.
Main conclusions
Areas of endemism detected in the continental portion of South America include its three main mountain chains: the Andes Cordillera, the Guyanan Shields, and an area east of the Brazilian Shield named Serra do Mar. Each of these regions encompasses many different types of vegetation, and the species richness and composition of the areas of endemism of the tribe are directly related to this environmental diversity. Different grid sizes affected the distributional heterogeneity of the consensus areas. The smallest grid cell size identified mainly Andean areas, which contain a higher number of more exclusive species in a small area along a steep elevational gradient. In contrast, the largest grid size identified areas of endemism along an environmental gradient that co‐varied with latitude and longitude. The identified areas of endemism are corroborated by previous studies on other taxa.
The mammals of Paraguay are still poorly known. We report a new genus for the country, Abrawayaomys, a spiny cricetid rodent endemic for the Interior Atlantic Forest. This record extends the distribution of the genus approximately 100 km, and west of the Paraná River. This addition increases the number of mammals in Paraguay to 184 and verifies that rodents are the most diverse group of mammals in the country. We outline identifying morphological characters of Abrawayaomys and elaborate on the significance of this finding for conservation and biogeography in the region.
Agradeço... ... em primeiro lugar, aos meus pais e à minha família, que constituem o alicerce da minha pessoa e foram fundamentais para que eu pudesse trilhar meus caminhos com segurança e tranquilidade. Também agradeço à confiança que depositaram em mim, sempre; ... aos meus amigos pelos mais diversos motivos. Não sou capaz de enumerar todos eles, e seria injusto se, ao final desta tarefa, me esquecesse de alguém, seja quem for. Cada um tem sua importância em minha vida, e sua passagem pela minha estrada, tenha sido curta curta, longa ou ainda inacabada, jamais será esquecida. Sem eles, dificilmente poderia compreender os sentimentos, as dificuldades, as diferenças entre as pessoas e o valor de uma amizade, por mais que minha família os explicasse; ... ao meu orientador, Alexandre R. Percequillo, em primeiro lugar pela oportunidade oferecida para ser seu orientado de iniciação científica, e agora pela orientação durante o Mestrado. Agradeço imensamente pelo apoio, atenção, lições e conselhos que recebi sempre, sejam sobre a profissão ou sobre a vida; ... aos companheiros de LaMa,
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