Sungai Winongo memiliki peran cukup penting di masyarakat kota Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk mengetahui konsentrasi Pb ada air, sedimen (batu, kerikil, pasir dan lempung) dan tiga organ ikan Nila(Oreochromis niloticus) serta ikan Bawal (Colossoma macropomum) yaitu organ viscera, tulang dan daging. Sampeldiperoleh dari tiga titik yaitu bagian hulu, tengah dan hilir. Total 120 sampel diekstraksi menggunakan metodeaqua regia digestible dengan perbandingan larutan HCl : HNO3(3:1, v/v) dan ekstrak dianalisis menggunakanAtomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Ditemukan rata-rata konsentrasi Pb pada air (0,054 mg/L), sedimen(38,29 mg/kg), ikan Nila ( viscera 11,35 mg/kg; tulang 10,28 mg/kg; daging 6,46 mg/kg ), dan ikan Bawal (viscera 5,31 mg/kg; 9,85 mg/kg; daging 5,23 mg/kg ). Konsentrasi Pb pada air telah melebihi batas baku mutuPPRI No. 82 Th 2001 (0,03mg/L). Konsentrasi pada ketiga bagian ikan Nila dan Bawal yang diteliti (viscera,tulang, daging) telah melebihi batas baku mutu yang ditetapkan oleh SNI 7387:2009 (0,3 mg/kg).
Favorite snack food is very popular to Yogyakarta's residents, such as cilok, skewered meatballs, and dumplings. The processing and serving processes of these food does not pay attention to hygiene aspects, therefore, it is necessary to monitor the presence or absence of coliform bacteria and enteric pathogens that often cause digestive disorders. A total of 30 samples were collected from each food from different locations. These samples were then enumerated on a CCA medium to grow all types of coliforms and enteric pathogens. The resulted colonies were then selected on SSA, SMAC, and DFI Agar medium to obtain a single isolate, which were biochemically tested until their genus levels were identified using API 20E. Based on the identification results of 30 food samples, the contamination levels obtained were as follows, Escherichia coli (16.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.3%), Yersinia enterocolitica (13.3%), Pantoea spp (6.6%).), Aeromonas hydrophila (6.6%), Enterobacter cloacae (6.6%), Serratia marcescens (6.6%), Bordetella / Alcaligenes / Moraxella spp (6.6%), Serratia liquefaciens (3.3%), Proteus mirabilis (3.3%), Shigella spp (3.3%), and Ewingella Americana (3.3%). Based on these findings, it is necessary to be cautious of street food in Yogyakarta City.
Meatballs are snacks that are sold by street vendors in the school area and some public places in Yogyakarta city. Based on the materials used and the traditional producing process, it is possible that the hearty snacks can be contaminated by enterotoxin-producing Staphylococcus bacteria. This study aims to detect the presence of enterotoxin-producing Staphylococcus on skewers meatballs. Skewed meatball samples were taken from ten different locations in Yogyakarta city. The samples were grown on the Staphylococcus sp test standard medium, Baird Parker Agar (BPA). The colony candidates were then selected into Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), carbohydrate fermentation medium, gram staining and then confirmed using the API Staph. Molecular characterization by detecting nuc genes and sea genes as encode enterotoxin A producers. The result of this research showed that the total bacteria ranged from 1.7x104 - 2.0x109 CFU/g. Identification results using API Staph were found as S. aureus, S. cohni, S. xylosus, S. lentus, S. warneri, and S. sciuri while nuc and sea genes were only found in S. aureus.
Melati air has aerenchyma which plays an important role in the process of transferring oxygen to the rhizofer to qualify the oxygen demand in constructed wetland system. In this research, the Sub Surface Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (SSVF CW) system was built to determine the effect of the depth of the Echinodorus palaefolius's rhizofer on the quantity of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the SSVF CW system. This system was designed to treat domestic wastewater with HRT of 4 days. SSVF CW was built using soil and stones of 1-2 cm, 2.5-5 cm, 7-10 cm as media. This study shows that melati air with an average root length of 47.25 cm and the longest root of 60 cm was able to influence DO concentration in the system. The removal efficiency of TSS, BOD, total ammonia, and phosphate was 93,48%, 89,39%, 59,39%, and 66,53% respectively. Whereas nitrate and TDS didn't decrease which could be possible due to the well running of nitrification process.
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