Displacement of the abomasum (DA) is an increasingly common disease in dairy cattle in intensive production. This study presents surgical treatment of DA using Ljubljana method in years 2005 and 2006. Slovenian Black and White dairy cows (n = 30) with left DA in 19 cows, right DA in four cows, anterior DA in two cows and abomasal volvulus in five cows were used. The surgical treatment was successful in 28 cows, 2 had to be euthanized due to complications associated with left DA and abomasal volvulus. One month after the surgery all 28 cows were productive. Omentopexy using Ljubljana method can be used as a clinical procedure as well as procedure performed in ambulatory practice. , surgery, percutaneous, abdomen, omentopexy In the last decade, displacement of the abomasum (DA) has been one of the most common surgical interventions in dairy cattle. It occurs due to gas accumulation in the abomasum, which pulls the organ from its physiological position on the abdominal floor either between the left abdominal wall and rumen or between the right abdominal wall and intestines. Distended abomasum can also change its normal position in the cranial direction. In such case, displaced abomasum is trapped between the reticulum and diaphragm. This type of displacement is called anterior DA (Zadnik et al. 2001;Zadnik 2003a). The incidence of left abomasal displacement on lactation varies between 0.5 and 2.2%; in certain circumstances it may be even 5% or more (Steiner 2006). Left DA is much more common (85-96% of DA) than right DA, accounting for 4-15% of cases (Constable et al. 1992). In a study conducted in Slovenia, anterior abomasal displacement accounted for 12.4% of cases (Zadnik 2003a). DisplacementMajority of cases develop within the first month after calving and other cases develop during last months of pregnancy or in other physiological periods. Beside known predisposing factors such as negative energy balance, hypocalcaemia, retained foetal membranes, uterine infections, dystocia, cow breed, and others, physiologically more transverse and cranial position of the abomasum during the last 3 months of gestation (Wittek et al. 2005) and increasing depth of abdomen (Wittek et al. 2007) increase the risk of displacement in dairy cattle.In rare cases, abomasum spontaneously returns to its physiological position on the abdominal floor. In majority of cases, treatment of the affected animal is necessary. Decision upon the type of treatment is dependent on various factors including availability of equipment, clinical status of the animal, costs of procedure, clinician's skills and preferences, value of the animal, owner's wishes, etc. Abomasal displacements can be corrected by surgical or nonsurgical techniques. Nonsurgical techniques include rolling the cow to flip the abomasum back in place, or securing the abomasum to the body wall with a percutaneous blind tack or a toggle pin fixation. Rolling is not an effective long-term treatment because most cows will have a recurrence. Left DA can be corrected surgicall...
Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) is the aetiological agent of an infectious viral disease of dogs, characterised by diarrhoea and vomiting. Mutations of the CPV-2 genome have generated new variants circulating worldwide. This article reports the molecular analysis of CPV-2 variants collected in the dog population in southeast Anatolia, Turkey. Twenty blood samples previously taken for the laboratory diagnosis of dogs with suspected parvovirus were screened for CPV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of the 20 samples, 18 tested positive for CPV-2. Partial VP2 gene sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis revealed CPV-2a (n = 1), CPV-2b (n = 16) and CPV-2c (n = 1) variants. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial length VP2 gene showed that CPV-2b (n = 15) variants showed sequences clustering separately in the phylogenetic tree. The CPV-2c sample was phylogenetically related to Chinese strains and Indonesia strain, whereas the CPV-2a sample was phylogenetically related to the Portuguese strain. These results, which are the first to demonstrate the presence of CPV-2c in the dog population of southeast Anatolia, Turkey, indicate that CPV-2a/2b/2c variants co-exist in Turkey’s dog population.
Özet: Sunulan çalışmada; Şanlıurfa yöresinde yaygın bir şekilde yapılan doğal barınak/mağara besiciliğinde hayvan refahının iyileştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda; Şanlıurfa yöresi mağara hayvancılığında yeme katılan ve altlık olarak kullanılan Zeolit mineralinin kan serumu ve rumen parametreleri, hayvanların canlı ağırlıkları ve ahır havası üzerine etkisi araştırıldı. Çalışma; mağara şartlarında sığır besiciliği yapılan işletmelerde yürütüldü. Her birinde 40-50 baş kültür melezi ve 1-1.5 yaşları arasında sağlıklı erkek besi sığırı bulunan, 40 mağara kullanıldı. Bu mağaralar; her bir grupta 10 adet mağara olacak şekilde toplam 4 gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubunda, yemlerine zeolit katılmadı, altlık olarak zeolit kullanılmadı. Grup I'de altlık olarak zeolit kullanıldı, yemlerine zeolit katılmadı. Grup 2'de, yem katkısı olarak %2 zeolit içeren rasyon uygulandı, altlık olarak zeolit kullanılmadı. Grup 3'te ise hem %2 zeolit içeren rasyon uygulandı, hem de altlık olarak zeolit kullanıldı. Her gruptan 10 hayvan olmak üzere, toplam 40 hayvanda kan serumu biyokimyasal analizleri (total protein, üre, kolesterol, trigliserit, NEFA (Esterleşmemiş yağ asitleri), Ca, P, Mg, Na, K), rumen sıvısı analizleri (uçucu yağ asitleri, amonyak, pH) ve ahır amonyak gazı ölçümleri yapıldı. Deneme ortası ve sonunda rumen sıvısı amonyak düzeyi Grup 2 ve 3'te, rumen pH'sı ise Grup 3'te belirgin derecede düştü. Deneme ortası ve sonunda Grup 2'de serum kolesterol ve fosfor, Grup 3'te ise serum potasyum düzeyinde azalma gözlendi. Mağara ortamı amonyak gazı değerleri açısından Grup 1 ve 3'te, Kontrol ve Grup 2'ye göre azalma görüldü. Böylece, Grup 1 ve 3'te ahır kokusu önemli derecede azaldı (P<0.01). Sonuç olarak, besi sığırlarında yem katkı maddesi ve altlık olarak kullanılan zeolitin incelenen hematolojik ve biyokimyasal parametreler açısından önemli düzeyde bir değişiklik yapmadığı; hayvanların sağlığı, canlı ağırlıkları, ahır havası ve kokusuna olumlu etki yaparak hayvan refahına katkısı olduğu belirlendi.Abstract: In this study; it has been aimed to improve animal welfare in cattle feeding performed in Sanliurfa caves. In this scope; effect of zeolite used as feed additive and base on air climate in the caves, on some blood and ruminal fluid parameters and some cattle diseases were investigated. 40 caves with similar environments were included into the study. Caves contained 40-50 healthy male crossbred beef cattle between the ages of 1-1.5. These caves divided into four groups each containing 10 caves. In control group (n=10), zeolite was not used as feed additive or base. In group 1 (n=10), zeolite was used as base, but not as additive. In group 2 (n=10), a ration added with 2% zeolite, was used and no zeolit was used for base. In group 3 zeolite was used as both feed additive and base. Blood serum biochemical analyses (total NEFA, total protein, urea, cholesterol, trigliseride, Ca, P, Mg, Na, K) and ruminal fluid composition (fatty acids, ammonia, pH) and barn ammonia gas levels were measured. Ruminal ammonia levels decreased in grou...
In this case report, a nine-month-old male Azawakh dog was observed for ataxia, uncoordinated movements, and difficulties in walking and standing, intensive head tremors, trouble evacuating and eating. It was determined to have mild cerebellar hypoplasia in MR imaging and symptomatic treatment was started with glucocorticoids, vitamin B 1 , B 6 and diazepam. But these drugs had no effectiveness on the symptoms and the dog died three weeks later. In the necropsy macroscopic cerebellar reduction was determined and cerebellum and granular cell hypoplasia was indicated histopathologically. Immunohistochemically, the atrophy of neuronal cells showing positive staining with anti-GFAP antibody and vacuolar degeneration were identified. Based on clinical findings, MR imaging, histopathological and immunochemical findings, cerebellar hypoplasia was diagnosed in the dog and this study is the first case detected in an Azawakh dog.
Özet: Abomasum deplasmanlarının patogenezisinde gaz birikimi anahtar rol oynamaktadır. Zeolit, gazları absorbe eden doğal bir mineraldir. Bu çalışmanın amacını, sığırlarda yemlere katılan zeolit mineralinin sol taraflı abomasum deplasmanı insidansına ve bazı biyokimyasal parametreler üzerine olan etkisini incelemek oluşturmuştur. İlk aşamada, yemlerine zeolit katılmayan 10 adet (Kontrol-1 Grubu) ve yemlerine % 2.5 oranında zeolit katılan 10 adet (Deneme-1 Grubu) toplam 20 sığırda bazı hematolojik, serum biyokimyasal parametreler ve rumen metabolitleri incelenmiştir. Yeme zeolit katılan grupta kolesterol ve fosfor düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre düşük (P<0.05), kalsiyum düzeyi ise yüksek (P<0.05) bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, rumen sıvısı amonyak düzeyinde kontrol grubuna göre P<0.05 düzeyinde azalma tespit edilmiştir. İkinci aşamada zeolit mineralinin sığırlarda abomasum deplasmanı insidansına etkisi incelenmiş; yemlerine zeolit katılmayan 60 adet sığırda (Kontrol-2 Grubu) 2 hayvanda sol taraflı abomasum deplasmanı olgusu ortaya çıkarken, yemlerine % 2.5 oranında zeolit katılan 120 hayvanda (Deneme-2 Grubu) bu hastalığa rastlanmamıştır. Sonuç olarak, çalışma kapsamında incelenen parametreler açısından sığırlarda rasyona ilave edilen zeolitin herhangi bir yan etkisinin olmadığı; sol taraflı abomasum deplasmanı ve hipokalsemi oluşma riskini azalttığı, rumen hareketlerini ve iştahı arttırdığı kanısına varılmıştır.Abstract: Gas accumulation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of abomasum displacements. Zeolite is a natural gas adsorbing mineral . The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of zeolite addition to feeds in cattle on incidence of left displaced abomasum and some biochemical parameters. In the first step, the effects of zeolite minerals were investigated on the hematological, serum biochemical parameters and rumen metabolites in a total of 20 cattle. Trial Group-1(n=10) was fed with a ration supplemented with zeolite at 2.5 percent while Control Group-1 consumed a ration without zeolite supplementation. Cholesterol and phosphorus levels were lower (P <0.05) and calcium levels were higher (P <0.05) in the trial group to compared control group. In addition, zeolite lowered the ammonia level in the rumen fluid (P <0.05). In the second step, the effect of zeolite mineral supplementation on the incidence of abomasum displacement in cattle was investigated. Among 60 animals fed with a ration without zeolite supplementation (Control Group -2) left-sided abomasum displacement was observed in two animals While abomasum displacement was not observed among 120 animals (Trial-2 Group) consumed a ration supplemented with zeolite at 2.5 per cent. As a result, in terms of the parameters examined in the study; zeolite addition to feed hasn't any side effect, decrease the risk of occurrence of left-sided abomasal displacement and hypocalcemia, increase ruminal movements and appetite.
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