diabetes, hypertension, etc. The causes of insulin resistance are complicated and may vary for different individuals. Nevertheless, the factor most commonly associated with insulin resistance is excess adiposity due to the increase in circulating fatty acids and ectopic lipids (1). Intramuscular lipids are an indispensable energy source for skeletal muscle. These lipids play pivotal roles in metabolism not only for skeletal muscle but also for the entire body. The accumulation of ectopic lipids in skeletal muscle is thought to be involved in the etiology of type II diabetes and insulin resistance by suppressing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (2, 3). Skeletal muscle accounts for 80% of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (4). It is the primary site of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and metabolism (4, 5). Earlier studies, both in humans (6) and in animal models (7), indicated that intramuscular lipid accumulation was associated with insulin resistance, thereby providing a potential link between dysregulated fatty acid metabolism in skeletal muscle and insulin resistance (6-9). Zinc-2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a 43 kDa soluble glycoprotein, first isolated from human plasma. However, a previous study showed that ZAG was produced in many tissues, Abstract Over the past two decades, intramuscular lipids have been viewed as a cause of insulin resistance due to their ability to suppress insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Zinc-2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is an adipokine involved in lipolysis of white adipose tissue (WAT). To investigate the action of ZAG on insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet (HFD), which affects the intramuscular fat, mice were divided into three groups, normal diet, HFD, and ZAG treatment under HFD (HFZ). The results showed that the insulin sensitivity of ZAG-treated mice was significantly improved. The body weight, WAT weight, and intramuscular fat were significantly decreased in the HFZ group compared with the HFD group. The lipolytic enzymes, including phosphorylation of hormonesensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase, were significantly upregulated in the skeletal muscle of mice that received the ZAG treatment compared with the HFD group. Insulin signaling proteins, such as phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 and cell membrane glucose transporter type 4, were also significantly increased in the skeletal muscle of the ZAG-treated group. Furthermore, a metabolic rate study showed that ZAG overexpression increases the respiratory exchange ratio and heat production. In vitro, ZAG treatment promotes glucose uptake and decreases intracellular lipids in C2C12 myotubes. Taken together, these data showed that overexpression of ZAG alleviates HFD-induced insulin resistance in mice, along with decreasing the lipid content of skeletal muscle.-Gao, S-X., J. Guo, G-Q. Fan, Y. Qiao, R-Q. Zhao, and X-J. Yang. ZAG alleviates HFD-induced insulin resistance accompanied with decreased lipid depot in skeletal muscle in mice.