Benefiting
from the maximum atom-utilization efficiency and distinct
structural features, single-atom catalysts open a new avenue for the
design of more functional catalysts, whereas their bioapplications
are still in their infancy. Due to the advantages, platinum single
atoms supported by cadmium sulfide nanorods (Pt SAs-CdS) are synthesized
to build an ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensing platform.
With the decoration of Pt SAs, the PEC signal of CdS is significantly
boosted. Furthermore, theory calculations indicate the positively
charged Pt SAs could change the charge distribution and increase the
excited carrier density of CdS. Meanwhile, it also suggests that Cu2+ can severely hinder the photoexcitation and electron–hole
separation of CdS. As a proof of concept, prostate-specific antigen
is chosen as the target analyte to demonstrate the superiority of
the Pt SAs-CdS-based PEC sensing system. As a result, the PEC biosensor
based on Pt SAs-CdS exhibits outstanding detection sensitivity and
promising applicability.
At
present, enzyme-mediated signal amplification strategies have
been widely applied in photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensing systems,
while the introduction of natural enzymes onto the surface of photoelectrodes
inevitably obstructs the electron transfer due to their insulating
properties as proteins, leading to severe damage to photocurrent.
In this work, the PdPt bimetallic nanozymes with the efficient peroxidase-like
activity were used as alternatives to natural enzymes and amplified
PEC biosensing signals via their efficient enzymatic reaction and
remarkable enhancement in photocurrent. As a result, photoactive CdS
nanorods modified with PdPt bimetallic nanozymes showed a boosted
PEC performance compared with the pristine CdS nanorods due to the
localized surface plasmon resonance effect and Schottky junction.
On the basis of the as-prepared CdS/PdPt photoelectrode, a sensitive
split-type glucose oxidase-mediated PEC immunoassay for carcinoembryonic
antigen (CEA) detection was successfully constructed. Along with the
sandwich immunocomplexing, the subsequently produced hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2) can oxidize 4-chloro-1-naphthol into
insoluble precipitates to inhibit photocurrent and simultaneously
trigger the bio-etching of CdS to further restrain photocurrent signals
due to the excellent peroxidase-mimicking activity of PdPt nanozymes.
Owing to the synergistic signal amplification fulfilled by PdPt nanozymes,
an ultrasensitive immunoassay of CEA was realized with a wider linear
range from 1 to 5000 pg/mL and a low detection limit of 0.21 pg/mL,
opening a new avenue for building ultrasensitive PEC biosensors with
nanozymes.
We performed a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the long‐term glycaemic durability of dipeptidyl‐peptidase 4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors vs that of sulphonylureas (SUs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), in terms of the changes in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels from an intermediate time point (26 or 52 weeks) to 104 weeks of treatment. The Medline (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), and CENTER (Cochrane Library) databases were searched for relevant RCTs. Eight RCTs were included. Compared with SUs, DPP‐4 inhibitors were associated with significantly smaller increases in the HbA1c level from 24 to 28 weeks to 104 weeks (mean difference [MD]: −0.16%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.21 to −0.11; P < .001) and from 52 weeks to 104 weeks (MD −0.06%, 95% CI −0.10 to −0.02; P = .001). No significant heterogeneities were detected among the included comparisons (I2 = 0%). These results suggest that long‐term treatment with DPP‐4 inhibitors confers better durability of glycaemic response than treatment with SUs in patients with T2DM, which may indicate that DPP‐4 inhibitors better preserve islet β‐cell function compared with SUs.
Few risk scores have been specifically developed to identify individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes in China. In the present study, we aimed to develop such risk scores, based on simple clinical variables. We studied a population-based cohort of 73,987 adults, aged 18 years and over. After 5.35 ± 1.59 years of follow-up, 4,726 participants (9.58%) in the exploration cohort developed type 2 diabetes and 2,327 participants (9.44%) in the validation cohort developed type 2 diabetes. Age, gender, body mass index, family history of diabetes, education, blood pressure, and resting heart rate were selected to form the concise score with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.67. The variables in the concise score combined with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and triglyceride (TG) or use of lipid-lowering drugs constituted the accurate score with an AUC value of 0.77. The utility of the two scores was confirmed in the validation cohort with AUCs of 0.66 and 0.77, respectively. In summary, the concise score, based on non-laboratory variables, could be used to identify individuals at high risk of developing diabetes within Chinese population; the accurate score, which also uses FPG and TG data, is better at identifying such individuals.
Aims/IntroductionTo investigate the prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, and assess the effect of MetS on the treatment patterns and blood glucose, blood pressure and blood lipids goal achievements.Materials and MethodsData from 25,454 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients including demographic data, anthropometric measurements, treatment patterns, and blood glucose and lipid profiles were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsUsing modified Adult Treatment Panel III MetS criteria, the prevalence of MetS was 57.4% in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, who also fulfilled the criteria for MetS, tended to be women, living in the northeast, with a diabetes duration ≥5 years and leading a sedentary lifestyle. Most MetS (53.4%) and non‐MetS (57%) diabetes patients received oral hypoglycemic drugs. Insulin or insulin combination therapies were more applied in MetS (37.5%) than in non‐MetS (33.1%) diabetes patients, and the percentages of MetS diabetes patients receiving antihypertensive and lipid‐modulating drugs were 52.9% and 28.2% vs 38.3% and 19.3% of the non‐MetS diabetes patients. Just 37.5%, 15.6% and 32.9% of the MetS diabetes patients vs 54.6%, 45.6% and 40.4% of the non‐MetS diabetes patients achieved the individual target goals for control of blood glucose (glycosylated hemoglobin <7%), blood pressure (systolic blood pressure <130 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure <80 mmHg) and blood lipids (total cholesterol <4.5 mmol/L), whereas just 2.1% achieved all three target goals.ConclusionsMetS with a high prevalence in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is associated with poor blood glucose, blood pressure and blood lipids control rate.
Benefiting
from the merits of high stability and superior activity,
nanozymes are recognized as promising alternatives to natural enzymes.
Despite the great leaps in the field of therapy and colorimetric sensing,
the development of highly sensitive nanozyme-involved photoelectrochemical
(PEC) biosensors is still in its infancy. Specifically, the investigation
of multifunctional nanozymes facilitating different catalytic reactions
remains largely unexplored due to the difficulty in synergistically
amplifying the PEC signals. In this work, mesoporous trimetallic AuPtPd
nanospheres were synthesized with both efficient oxidase and peroxidase-like
activities, which can synergistically catalyze the oxidation of 4-chloro-1-naphthol
to produce benzo-4-chlorohexadienone precipitation on the surface
of photoactive materials, and thus lead to the decreased photocurrent
as well as increased charge-transfer resistance. Inspired by the proton-dependent
catalytic activity of nanozymes, a self-regulated dual-modal PEC and
electrochemical bioassay of urease activity was innovatively established
by in situ regulating the activity of AuPtPd nanozymes through urease-mediated
proton-consuming enzymatic reactions, which can remarkably improve
the accuracy of the assay. Meanwhile, the determination of urease
activity in spiked human saliva samples was successfully realized,
indicating the reliability of the biosensor and its application prospects
in clinical diagnosis.
Spontaneous HT occurred in 0.92% of the patients with IS in the acute stage. Being female, excess alcohol consumption, atrial fibrillation, and a prolonged period between IS onset and initial imaging were associated with an increased risk of spontaneous HT.
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