BackgroundThe association of short‐term variability of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and mortality has been well investigated. However, the relationships between visit‐to‐visit variability of FPG over longer periods of follow‐up and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all‐cause mortality are unclear. This study aimed to investigate these relationships.Methods and ResultsThe current analysis included 53 607 Chinese participants (mean age, 49.10 years) who were free of CVD in the Kailuan study. Participants were divided into 4 categories by quartiles of visit‐to‐visit variability of FPG. Visit‐to‐visit variability of FPG was defined as the coefficient of variation of 3 values of FPG that were measured from the examination periods of 2006 to 2007, 2008 to 2009, and 2010 to 2011. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for CVD and all‐cause mortality. After a mean follow‐up of 4.93 years, 4261 individuals developed CVD and 1545 individuals died. The incidence of CVD and all‐cause mortality was 5.04 and 5.85 per 1000 person‐years, respectively. After adjusting for mean FPG and other potential confounders, individuals in the highest quartile of variability of FPG compared with participants in the lowest quartile showed a 26% greater risk of developing CVD (hazard ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.47) and a 46% greater risk for all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.25–1.70).ConclusionsIndependent of mean FPG and other baseline parameters, elevated visit‐to‐visit variability of FPG significantly increases the risk of CVD and all‐cause mortality in the general population. Measuring long‐term visit‐to‐visit variability of FPG is helpful for predicting the risk for CVD and all‐cause mortality.

Background and Purpose-The association between oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and the long-term prognosis of stroke is unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether oxLDL levels contribute to the prognosis of stroke and stroke subtypes. Methods-All patients with ischemic stroke were recruited from the SOS-Stroke (Study of Oxidative Stress in Patients WithAcute Ischemic Stroke) and classified into 5 different subtypes, according to the TOAST criteria (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment). We measured oxLDL levels and followed up with patients at 1 year after stroke onset. We analyzed the association between oxLDL and the clinical outcomes of death and poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 3-6) of stroke and different stroke subtypes. Results-Among the 3688 patients included in this study, 293 (7.94%) were deceased at the 1-year follow-up and 1020 (27.66%) had a poor functional outcome. Patients in the highest oxLDL quartile had a higher risk of 1-year stroke mortality (hazard ratio, 1.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-2.33; P<0.001) and a poor functional outcome (odds ratio, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-1.89; P<0.001) compared with the lowest oxLDL quartile. In the subgroup analyses, oxLDL was only significantly associated with death and poor functional outcome in the large-artery atherosclerosis subgroup (P<0.05) and small-artery occlusion subgroup (P<0.05). Conclusions-High levels of oxLDL were associated with the high risk of death and poor functional outcome within 1 year after stroke onset, especially in large-artery atherosclerosis and small-artery occlusion stroke subtypes. Therefore, in this prospective cohort study, we investigated the associations between oxLDL and the long-term prognosis of stroke and stroke subtypes. Methods Study Design and PopulationThe study population was recruited from the SOS-Stroke (Study on Oxidative Stress in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke ), a nationwide multicenter prospective registry. 13 The SOS-Stroke study enrolled 4164 consecutive patients with stroke from 43 designated hospitals in China from January to October 2014. Patients with a diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke within 7 days after the onset of stroke were included in this study. The inclusion criteria for SOSStroke were as follows: (1) age >18 years; (2) diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke by a neurologist and confirmation of such with brain computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging; (3) time from onset of stroke to diagnosis was <1 week; and (4) the patient provided informed consent. Standard Protocol Approvals, Registrations, and Patient ConsentsThe study was sponsored by the China Stroke Prevention Project of the National Health and Family Planning Commission and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, and Peking Union Medical College Hospital and was in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent. Baseline Data Collection ...

PSD is common in stroke survivors, and female patients have higher prevalence of PSD. Risk factors for PSD in the acute phase are different from that in the chronic phase of stroke. Female gender is an independent risk factor for PSD in the acute stage of stroke. Smoking, frontal lobe lesion, and living alone are predictive factors for PSD in the chronic stage of stroke. NIHSS score is a risk factor for PSD both in the acute and in the chronic stage of stroke. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underlying the elevated prevalence of PSD in female.