Two new meroterpenoids, penicianstinoids A and B (1 and 2), and eight new isocoumarins, peniciisocoumarins A−H (3−10), together with 10 known analogues (11−20) were obtained from the mangrove-derived fungus Penicillium sp. TGM112. The structures and absolute configurations of 1−10 were determined by interpretation of detailed NMR, MS spectroscopic data, X-ray diffraction analyses, modified Mosher's method, and calculated electronic circular dichroism data. Compounds 1−4, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, and 16 showed growth inhibition activity against newly hatched larvae of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner with IC 50 values ranging from 50 to 200 μg/mL, respectively. Compounds 1, 2, and 11−15 displayed activity against Caenorhabditis elegans with EC 50 values ranging from 9.4 (± 1.0) to 38.2 (± 0.6) μg/mL, respectively. Compound 1 represents an austinoid-like meroterpenoid that is reported here for the second time, in which a carbon−carbon double bond was oxidized to a carbonyl group at C-1′−C-2′.

Three new dihydroisocoumarin penicimarins G–I (1–3), together with one known dihydroisocoumarin (4) and three known meroterpenoids (5–7), were obtained from a fungus Penicillium citrinum isolated from the mangrove Bruguiera sexangula var. rhynchopetala collected in the South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated by the detailed analysis of spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by the X-ray diffraction analysis using Cu Kα radiation. The absolute configurations of 2 and 3 were determined by comparison of their circular dichroism (CD) spectra with the literature. All compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities and cytotoxic activities.

Three new indole diterpenes, penicilindoles A-C (1-3), were isolated from the mangrove-derived fungus Eupenicillium sp. HJ002. Their planar structures and absolute configurations were determined by interpretation of NMR spectroscopic data, HR-ESIMS, and X-ray diffraction analysis using Cu Kα radiation. The cytotoxic and antibacterial activities were evaluated in vitro; penicilindole A (1) showed cytotoxic activity against human A549 and HepG2 cell lines with IC values of 5.5 and 1.5 μM, respectively.

Five new tetralones, daldiniones A−E (1−5), three new chromones, 7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2,3-dimethylchromone (9), 5-methoxy-2-propylchromone (10), and 7ethyl-8-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2,3-dimethylchromone (11), and two new lactones, helicascolides D and E (16 and 17), together with nine known metabolites (6−8, 12−15, and 18− 19) were isolated from the mangrove-derived fungus Daldinia eschscholtzii HJ004. The structures and absolute configurations of the new compounds were determined by analyzing MS and NMR data and utilizing GIAO based 13 C NMR chemical shift calculations and quantum chemical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 9, 13, and 18 showed inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase with IC 50 values of 13, 15, and 16 μM, respectively.

Two new chlorinated metabolites 4-chloro-1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methyl-8-methoxycarbonyl-xanthen-9-one (1) and 2'-acetoxy-7-chlorocitreorosein (2), together with three known compounds (3-5), were obtained from the EtOAc extract of the endophytic fungus Penicillium citrinum HL-5126 isolated from the mangrove Bruguiera sexangula var. rhynchopetala collected in the South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated by the detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data. All compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and topoisomerase I inhibitory activities. Compound 2 exhibited antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus with an MIC value of 10 μm.

Two new compounds penibenzophenones A-B (1-2), and the synthetic α,β-unsaturated amide alkaloid (E)-tert-butyl(3-cinnamamidopropyl)carbamate (4), newly identified as a natural product, alone with three known ones (3, 5-6) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the endophytic fungus Penicillium citrinum HL-5126 isolated from the mangrove Bruguiera sexangula var. rhynchopetala collected in the South China Sea. Compound 1 was a chlorinated benzophenone. The structures of 1-6 were elucidated by extensive NMR spectral interpretation, MS data and X-ray analysis. The new compound 2 displayed cytotoxic activity against human A549 cell lines with an IC value of 15.7 μg/mL, and 1 showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC value of 20 μg/mL.

No abstract

One new cytochalasin metabolite [11]-cytochalasa-5(6),13-diene-1,21-dione-7,18-dihydroxy-16,18-dimethyl-10-phenyl-(7S*,13E,16S*,18R*) (1), together with three known compounds (2-4) were obtained from the EtOAc extract of the endophytic fungus Daldinia eschscholtzii HJ001 isolated from the mangrove Brguiera sexangula var. rhynchopetala collected in the South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated by the detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for their antibacterial and cytotoxic activities.