Two new meroterpenoids, penicianstinoids A and B (1 and 2), and eight new isocoumarins, peniciisocoumarins A−H (3−10), together with 10 known analogues (11−20) were obtained from the mangrove-derived fungus Penicillium sp. TGM112. The structures and absolute configurations of 1−10 were determined by interpretation of detailed NMR, MS spectroscopic data, X-ray diffraction analyses, modified Mosher's method, and calculated electronic circular dichroism data. Compounds 1−4, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, and 16 showed growth inhibition activity against newly hatched larvae of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner with IC 50 values ranging from 50 to 200 μg/mL, respectively. Compounds 1, 2, and 11−15 displayed activity against Caenorhabditis elegans with EC 50 values ranging from 9.4 (± 1.0) to 38.2 (± 0.6) μg/mL, respectively. Compound 1 represents an austinoid-like meroterpenoid that is reported here for the second time, in which a carbon−carbon double bond was oxidized to a carbonyl group at C-1′−C-2′.

Three new dihydroisocoumarin penicimarins G–I (1–3), together with one known dihydroisocoumarin (4) and three known meroterpenoids (5–7), were obtained from a fungus Penicillium citrinum isolated from the mangrove Bruguiera sexangula var. rhynchopetala collected in the South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated by the detailed analysis of spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by the X-ray diffraction analysis using Cu Kα radiation. The absolute configurations of 2 and 3 were determined by comparison of their circular dichroism (CD) spectra with the literature. All compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities and cytotoxic activities.

Five new tetralones, daldiniones A−E (1−5), three new chromones, 7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2,3-dimethylchromone (9), 5-methoxy-2-propylchromone (10), and 7ethyl-8-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2,3-dimethylchromone (11), and two new lactones, helicascolides D and E (16 and 17), together with nine known metabolites (6−8, 12−15, and 18− 19) were isolated from the mangrove-derived fungus Daldinia eschscholtzii HJ004. The structures and absolute configurations of the new compounds were determined by analyzing MS and NMR data and utilizing GIAO based 13 C NMR chemical shift calculations and quantum chemical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 9, 13, and 18 showed inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase with IC 50 values of 13, 15, and 16 μM, respectively.

Three new indole diterpenes, penicilindoles A-C (1-3), were isolated from the mangrove-derived fungus Eupenicillium sp. HJ002. Their planar structures and absolute configurations were determined by interpretation of NMR spectroscopic data, HR-ESIMS, and X-ray diffraction analysis using Cu Kα radiation. The cytotoxic and antibacterial activities were evaluated in vitro; penicilindole A (1) showed cytotoxic activity against human A549 and HepG2 cell lines with IC values of 5.5 and 1.5 μM, respectively.