Articles you may be interested inWork-function changes of treated indium-tin-oxide films for organic light-emitting diodes investigated using scanning surface-potential microscopy J. Appl. Phys. 97, 073713 (2005); 10.1063/1.1884245Highly oriented indium tin oxide films for high efficiency organic light-emitting diodes Nanoscale surface electrical properties of indium-tin-oxide films prepared by different cleaning methods for use as anode materials in organic light emitting diodes are studied by conducting atomic force microscopy. It is found that most of the surface area possesses a nonconducting feature, and an ultraviolet-ozone treatment produces the most nonconductive sample. The conducting regions, which distribute randomly and range from 6 to 50 nm in size, are attributed to the existence of Sn-rich oxide by a comparison with reported scanning electron microscopy images. After scanning the tip with a bias of Ϫ8 V on the nonconducting regions, oxide decomposition occurs on as-received and wet-cleaning processed samples, whereas no structure change appears on the ozone treated sample. The results indicate that the generation of stable oxide after ozone treatment is one of the origins for improved device performance.
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