Endometriosis is a condition in which the endometrium, the layer of tissue that usually covers the inside of the uterus, grows outside the uterus. One of its severe effects is sub-fertility. The exact reason for endometriosis is still unknown and under investigation. Tracking the symptoms is not sufficient for diagnosing the disease. A successful diagnosis can only be made using laparoscopy. During the disease, the amount of some molecules (i.e., proteins, antigens) changes in the blood. Raman spectroscopy provides information about biochemicals without using dyes or external labels. In this study, Raman spectroscopy is used as a non-invasive diagnostic method for endometriosis. The Raman spectra of 94 serum samples acquired from 49 patients and 45 healthy individuals were compared for this study. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), k- Nearest Neighbors (kNN), and Support Vector Machines (SVM) were used in the analysis. According to the results (using 80 measurements for training and 14 measurements for the test set), it was found that kNN-weighted gave the best classification model with sensitivity and specificity values of 80.5% and 89.7%, respectively. Testing the model with unseen data yielded a sensitivity value of 100% and a specificity value of 100%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in which Raman spectroscopy was used in combination with PCA and classification algorithms as a non-invasive method applied on blood sera for the diagnosis of endometriosis.

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Laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy has been applied to measure the hyperfine structure and isotope shift of osmium I spectral lines in the visible range. Precise values for the hyperfine structure constants A and B of the most abundant odd mass isotope 189Os and the level isotope shift of altogether 43 excited energy levels were determined evaluating the measurements. Osmium in its natural abundance as well as an enriched sample of 189Os were used during the experiments. Additionally, a parametric analysis of the fine structure, the hyperfine structure and the isotope shift has been performed for the three even configurations 5d66s2, 5d76s and 5d8. Finally, the nuclear electric quadrupole moment Q for the isotope 189Os is determined to Q(5d66s2 = 0.98 (8) b for the configuration 5d66s2 and Q(5d76s = 0.97 (9) b for the configuration 5d76s.

Preeclampsia is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. There have been numerous efforts to determine preeclampsia biomarkers by means of biophysical, biochemical, and spectroscopic methods. In this study, the preeclampsia and control groups were compared via band component analysis and multivariate analysis using Raman spectroscopy as an alternative technique. The Raman spectra of serum samples were taken from nine preeclamptic, ten healthy pregnant women. The Band component analysis and principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis were applied to all spectra after a sensitive preprocess step. Using linear discriminant analysis, it was found that Raman spectroscopy has a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 90% for the diagnosis of preeclampsia. Via the band component analysis, a significant difference in the spectra of preeclamptic patients was observed when compared to the control group. 19 Raman bands exhibited significant differences in intensity, while 11 of them decreased and eight of them increased. This difference seen in vibrational bands may be used in further studies to clarify the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.

Aims. We report on experimental studies of hyperfine structure splitting of neutral niobium. Methods. We used high-resolution Fourier transform spectroscopy to record a spectrum of niobium produced with a hollow cathode discharge lamp in the range of wavenumbers from 10 000 cm −1 to 30 000 cm −1 . Results. The magnetic dipole hyperfine structure constants A were determined for the 109 levels of odd parity by analyzing the profiles of 224 spectral lines. The A values of 57 of these level are reported for the first time.

Optogalvanic laser spectroscopy has been applied to measure the hyperfine structure of 12 spectral lines of Mn I in the wavelength regions of 660–645 nm and 933–911 nm. Experimental hyperfine structure constants A and B of the isotope 55Mn have been determined for seven levels of even and seven levels of odd parity. Additionally, a parametric analysis of the fine structure and the magnetic dipole hyperfine structure has been performed for the three even configurations 3d54s2, 3d64s and 3d7. Very large values for the ratio a3d10/a3d01 are found. Theoretical predictions for the magnetic dipole hyperfine structure constants A for all levels of the configurations 3d54s2, 3d64s and 3d7 are given.

In this work a parametric study of the fine and hyperfine structure (hfs) for the even parity configurations of atomic niobium (Nb I) is presented. A large amount of new experimental data, published during the last decade, have been considered for the fine and hfs analysis. A multi-configuration fit of 14 configurations have been performed by taking into account second-order of perturbation theory including the effects of closed shell-open shell excitations. Predicted values of level energies as well as magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole hfs constants of A and B are listed, if no experimental values are available.

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