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The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of plaque removal of three different toothbrushes on mentally disabled children in two different age groups. A manual triple-headed brush (SuperBrush; Dento Co. AS [junior, regular]) compared with a new manual toothbrush (CrossAction; Oral-B [35 compact, 40 regular]) and an electric toothbrush with an oscillating rotating head (Braun Plaque Control 3D [Braun 3D]; Oral-B [D15525]). Fifteen children aged 6-12 (Group A) and 15 children aged 13-18 (Group B) with mild mental disabilities participated in the single-blind clinical study. To obtain a plaque-free condition at baseline, professional tooth-cleaning was performed on each participant. After instructions on how to use the toothbrushes, each group started the experiment. After 1 week of application, the Quikley Hein (QH) plaque index and the approximal plaque index (API) were used to assess the oral hygiene status of each participant. This was followed by a week of recess before each group switched to the next type of toothbrush. The study lasted for 5 weeks. Compared to the two other brushes, the Braun 3D was more effective in removing plaque (means of QHI: 1.54 (Braun 3D), 1.77 (SuperBrush), and 2.15 (CrossAction) in total; means of API 1.37 (Braun 3D), 1.52 (SuperBrush), 1.94 (CrossAction). The study indicated that the electric toothbrush is the most effective for removing dental plaque in mentally disabled children, whereas the SuperBrush is a good alternative.

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Tooth loss, an increased clinical attachment level, reduced density on digital periapical radiographs and an eroded appearance of the inferior mandibular cortex in panoramic radiographs are associated with low-skeletal bone mineral density.

The use of Ca(OH)2 combinations for intracanal dressing softens dentine.

The aim of this study was to determine the reference ranges of lymphocyte subsets in serologically HIV-negative healthy adults in Turkey. Materials and Methods: Blood samples from 220 healthy adults, 105 female and 115 male, collected into tubes containing EDTA were investigated for lymphocyte subsets using flow cytometry. The age range was 18–80 years (44.80 ± 16.69). Results: The mean percentage and absolute values of the lymphocyte subsets were as follows: CD3: 72.70 ± 8.44%, 1,680 ± 528 cells/µl; CD4: 47.37 ± 9.10%, 1,095 ± 391 cells/µl; CD8: 28.99 ± 5.99%, 669 ± 239 cells/µl; CD19: 10.96 ± 4.44%, 254 ± 122 cells/µl and CD56: 7.03 ± 3.26%, 161 ± 92 cells/µl, respectively. The ratio of CD4/CD8 was 1.68 ± 0.43. There was no statistically significant difference in the percentages and absolute values of lymphocyte subsets between the genders (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Immunophenotyping has been used to establish reference values of lymphocyte subsets in normal healthy adults in Turkey.

The goals of plastic periodontal surgical (PPS) procedures for the treatment of gingival recessions (GR) are obtaining complete root coverage (RC) and optimal aesthetic appearance. The gold standard of RC procedures is the coronally advanced flap (CAF) combined with connective tissue graft (CTG) (Aroca, Keglevich, Barbieri,