The effect of ionizing irradiation on testes and the protective effects of melatonin were investigated by immunohistochemical and electron microscopic methods. Eighty-two adult male Wistar rats were divided into 10 groups. The rats in the irradiated groups were exposed to a sublethal irradiation dose of 8 Gy, either to the total body or abdominopelvic region using a 60 Co source at a focus of 80 cm away from the skin in the morning or evening together with vehicle (20% ethanol) or melatonin administered 24 h before (10 mg/kg), immediately before (20 mg/kg) and 24 h after irradiation (10 mg/kg), all ip. Caspace-3 immunoreactivity was increased in the irradiated group compared to control (P < 0.05). Melatonin-treated groups showed less apoptosis as indicated by a considerable decrease in caspace-3 immunoreactivity (P < 0.05). Electron microscopic examination showed that all spermatogenic cells, especially primary spermatocytes, displayed prominent degeneration in the groups submitted to total body and abdominopelvic irradiation. However, melatonin administration considerably inhibited these degenerative changes, especially in rats who received abdominopelvic irradiation. Total body and abdominopelvic irradiation induced identical apoptosis and testicular damage. Chronobiological assessment revealed that biologic rhythm does not alter the inductive effect of irradiation. These data indicate that melatonin protects against total body and abdominopelvic irradiation. Melatonin was more effective in the evening abdominopelvic irradiation and melatonin-treated group than in the total body irradiation and melatonintreated group.
Amaç: Daha önce "ışık mikroskopi çalışması" ile elde edilen "Femur boyun kırığı olan osteopenik ve osteoporotik hastalarda kemik mikromimarisi benzerdir" bulgusunu ki, önemli ve yenidir, teyit etmek amaçlandı. Hastalar ve yöntemler: Düşük enerjili travma sonrası femur proksimal uç kırığı nedeniyle başvuran 14 hasta (5 erkek, 9 kadın) çalışmaya alındı (ışık mikroskopi çalışmasına katılan hastalar). Hastalar kemik mineral yoğunluğu (KMY) ölçümlerine göre osteopenik (n=7, ort. yaş 69 yıl; dağılım 63-74 yıl) ve osteoporotik (n=7, ort. yaş 74.1 yıl; dağılım 67-78 yıl) olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Parsiyel kalça artroplastisi sırasında endoprotez uygulanan hastalardan kortikal ve trabeküler kemik örnekleri alındı ve alınan bu örnekler, daha gelişmiş ve yüksek çözünürlüklü transmisyon ve taramalı elektron mikroskopisiyle incelendi. Bulgular: Ortalama kortikal kemik kalınlığı osteopenik grupta 3622.14 mm; osteoporotik grupta ise 2323.14 mm idi (p<0.005). Transmisyon elektron mikroskopisi ve taramalı elektron mikroskopisi değerlendirmesinde her iki grupta da benzer bulgular saptandı. Sonuç: Gruplar arasında kortikal kalınlık açısından anlamlı farklılık bulunmuş olsa da, transmisyon ve taramalı elektron mikroskopisi, daha önceki ışık mikroskopi çalışma-sında olduğu gibi, kemik mikromimarisi düşük enerjili femur boyun kırığı olan osteopenik ve osteoporotik hastalarda benzer özellikler taşıdığını teyit etmiştir.Anahtar sözcükler: Kemik mikromimarisi; osteopeni; taramalı elektron mikroskopisi; osteoporoz; transmisyon elektron mikroskopisi. Objectives:The objective was to confirm the finding of "Bone microstructure is similar in osteopenic and osteoporotic patients with femoral neck fracture." obtained in previous "light microscopy study", which was new and important data. Patients and methods: Fourteen patients (5 males, 9 females) who were admitted with proximal femoral fracture following low energy trauma (patients who participated in the light microscopy study) were included. The patients were divided into two groups based on the bone mineral density (BMD) measurement, including osteopenic group (n=7, mean age 69 years; range 63 to 74 years) and osteoporotic group (n=7, mean age 74.1 years; range 67 to 78 years). Cortical and trabecular bone samples were taken from the patients who underwent endoprosthesis during partial hip arthroplasty and these samples were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy evaluations which are more sophisticated higher resolution techniques. Results: The mean cortical bone thickness was 3622.14 mm in osteopenic group and 2323.14 mm in osteoporotic group (p<0.005). Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy evaluations revealed similar findings for both groups. Conclusion: Although a significant difference in cortical thickness was found between the groups, transmission and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that bone microstructure shared similar characteristics in osteopenic and osteoporotic patients with low-energy femoral neck ...
This study aimed to observe the possible protective effects of resveratrol (RSV) against the damage of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) on the testis. The study was conducted in 6 groups of rats with 6 animals in each group aged 20 days. The groups include group 1: control group; group 2: solvent (carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), 10 ml/kg); group 3: 500 mg/kg/day DBP; group 4: 500 mg/kg/day DBP + 20 mg/kg/day RSV; group 5: 1000 mg/kg/day DBP; and group 6: 1000 mg/kg/day DBP + 20 mg/kg/day RSV. Groups were treated by gavage for 30 days. Indirect immunohistochemical staining was performed with c-kit, AT1, and ER-α antibodies. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method was used for apoptosis. It was found in the DBP-applied groups the C-kit immunostaining, which is parallel to increasing dose, decreased in comparison with the control. C-kit reactivity was similar to that of the control group in the group applied with 500 mg/kg/day + RSV; however, the reactivity was not same in the 1000 mg/kg/day DBP-applied group. It was observed that the reactivity of AT1 increased in the DBP-applied groups. RSV reversed these changes with its protective effects. While there was not much difference between the groups in terms of estrogen receptor reactivity, it was observed that the high dose of DBP reduced the level of estrogen receptor and the resveratrol was not at enough levels in all doses. In TUNEL analysis, high doses of DBP increased the apoptosis in all types of cells; nevertheless, the resveratrol application decreased the apoptosis in the low-level DBP dose. In the statistical analysis, while the length of epithelium and the diameter of seminiferous tubules decreased for all the other groups, it reverted to its original state in the RSV-applied groups. In conclusion, DBP (with increasing dose) administration caused cycle and hormonal changes in testis, resveratrol were recovered the cyclic changes but in hormonal changes, RSV is efficient too but inadequate.
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