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In this research, it is aimed to examine the relationship between the attention skills of children regarding auditory and visual elements and their science process skills. In addition, these skills were examined in terms of gender and socio-economic level variables. The research is designed in survey model and the study group is consisted of randomly selected 156 children aged 60-72 months attending preschool education institutions in the 2018-2019 academic year in Istanbul. Four data collection tools as Demographic Information Form, Preschool Science Process Skills Scale for 60-72 Months Old Children, Listening Test and Concentration Test for 5-Year-Old Children were used in the research. As the result of the research, it is found a positive significant relationship between the visual and auditory attention skills of the preschool children and science process skills. It was found that the science process skills and auditory attention skills of preschool children did not differ significantly with gender. However, visual attention skills differed with gender of the children and this difference was in favor of the girls. Additionally, attention skills and scientific process skills differed with socio-economic level of the children and this difference was in favor of the upper socio-economic level.

The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between maternal acceptance-rejection levels and preschool children's social competence and emotion regulation skills. The study group of the research, which was designed in survey method, consisted of 303 voluntary mother-child dyad. The participant children were attending a preschool in 2014-2015 academic year, in Istanbul and they were selected by random cluster sampling method. The "Personal Information Form", the "Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire-Mother Form (PARQ)", the "Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation-30 (SCBE-30)" and the "Emotion Regulation Checklist" were used as data collection tools.As a result of the study, it has been found that there is a positive significant relationship between maternal acceptance level and children's "Social Competence" subscale of SCBE-30 and their emotional regulation skills. In addition to this result, it has been found that maternal acceptance level didn't differentiated according to age and gender of the child; however the average scores of PARQ's "Warmth/Affection" subscale have been differentiated in favor of the girls. It has been found that "Social Competence" and "Anger-Aggression" subscales of SCBE-30 were significantly differentiated according to gender; "Anger-Aggression" scores of the boys were higher than the girls, whereas "Social Competence" scores of the girls were higher than the boys. Moreover, it has been found that "Lability-Negativity" subscale scores of Emotion Regulation Checklist have been differentiated according to gender; girls showing less labile/negative emotional reactions. Finally, it has been found that child's social competence and emotional regulation skills increase as the age increases.

The aim of this study is to investigate the reliability and validity of the DeMoulin Self-Concept Developmental Scale for 36-72 month old children. In addition, it has been attempted to examine the effects of age and gender variables on the self-concept of children. The study is in survey method. The sample consists of 810 children who attend preschools in Istanbul, Turkey. Data collection tools used in the research are; the Demographic Form, the DeMoulin Self-Concept Developmental Scale for Children, the Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Scale-30 and the Emotion Regulation Scale. The results of the item discrimination and criteria validity analyses support the validity of the scale. It could be said that the founded Cronbach's Alpha value of the total scale and subscales and the results of the split half method and test-retest method analyses indicate that the scale is a reliable measurement tool. In addition, it has been found that the age variable affected the self-concept scores, but the gender variable had no effect on it. The research findings are discussed within the framework of the related literature.

Individual differences have an influence on a wide range of education fields. These differences can range from organizing teaching environments to the techniques and strategies that the teacher uses. This study focused on individual differences of pre-service teachers and aimed to investigate the perceptions of Education Faculty students on teaching methods and education materials. A descriptive method was utilized for the study. The participants were 691 female and 364 male students from seven different departments of the education faculty. Personal information forms were used to collect data. Teaching method and teaching material preference questionnaires were used to determine the preferences of teaching methods and materials. According to pre-service teachers, the most effective teaching methods are case studies and discussions, and the most effective teaching materials are film demonstrations; however, models, schemas and graphics are also effective. As a result of this study, lecturing, question and answers, group work, individual work, inductive, discussion, case study, problem-solving and presentation methods show significant differences at a 0.01 level, while the points based on schemas, graphics, film demonstrations, computer software (CD-VCD), PowerPoint presentations and over-head projector show significant differences at a 0.01 level. Conversely, books and written materials show significant differences at a 0.05 level.