The Brazilian Cerrado is a highland tropical savanna considered a biodiversity hotspot with many endemic species of plants and animals. Over the years, most of the native areas of this biome became arable areas, and with inadequate management, some are nowadays at varying levels of degradation stage. Crop-livestock integrated systems (CLIS) are one option for the recovery of areas in degradation, improving the physicochemical and biological characteristics of the soil while increasing income and mitigating risks due to product diversification. Little is known about the effect of CLIS on the soil microbial community. Therefore, we perform this pilot case study to support further research on recovering degraded areas. The bacterial and fungal soil communities in the area with CLIS were compared to an area under moderate recovery (low-input recovering - LI) and native savanna (NS) area. Bacterial and fungal communities were investigated by 16S and ITS rRNA gene sequencing (deep rRNA sequencing). Ktedonobacteraceae and AD3 families were found predominantly in LI, confirming the relationship of the members of the Chloroflexi phylum in challenging environmental conditions, which can be evidenced in LI. The CLIS soil presented 63 exclusive bacterial families that were not found in LI or NS and presented a higher bacterial richness, which can be related to good land management. The NS area shared 21 and 6 families with CLIS and LI, respectively, suggesting that the intervention method used in the analyzed period brings microbial diversity closer to the conditions of the native area, demonstrating a trend of approximation between NS and CLIS even in the short term. The most abundant fungal phylum in NS treatment was Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota, whereas Ascomycota predominated in CLIS and LI. The fungal community needs more time to recover and to approximate from the native area than the bacterial community. However, according to the analysis of bacteria, the CLIS area behaved differently from the LI area, showing that this treatment induces a faster response to the increase in species richness, tending to more accelerated recovery. Results obtained herein encourage CLIS as a sustainable alternative for recovery and production in degraded areas.
Crop–livestock integrated production systems (CLISs) combine cash-crop production and forage production in succession. There are plenty of options of forage cultivars with differences in production aspects and seeds cost, and there is little information on how the choice of forage cultivar can affect the results of a CLIS. We hypothesized that different forage cultivars can have important economic impacts on production systems. Thus, we evaluated the two-year economic results of using three forage species in a CLIS: (1) Urochloa ruziziensis; (2) Megathyrsus maximus cv. BRS Zuri e; and (3) Megathyrsus maximus cv. BRS Tamani. The system was evaluated during 2018 and 2019 with no-tillage soybean (Glycine max) cultivation from November to March and grazing of cattle from May to August. The seed costs were, on average, USD 25.27 ha−1 for Ruziziensis grass, USD 39.97 ha−1 for Zuri guinea grass, and USD 64.13 ha−1 for Tamani guinea grass. Animal production varied from 96.4 to 147.5 kg of live weight per hectare per year and mean two-year soybean yields varied from 3849 to 4217 kg per hectare, both without differences between forage cultivars. However, the lowest values for animal and soybean yields were obtained with Ruziziensis grass, and the highest were obtained with Zuri grass. Thus, Zuri guinea grass presented a net income (NI) of USD 1039.87 ha−1 with an annual return on equity (ROE) equal to 11.19%, while Ruziziensis grass obtained an NI equal to USD 612.65 ha−1 with an ROE of 6.47%, demonstrating the economic impact of forage resource choice in CLISs. Therefore, the choice of forage cultivars adequate for the conditions of an individual farm can correspond to an increase of 69.7% in net income, which highlights the importance of continuing efforts to develop new cultivars and the simultaneous evaluation of these cultivars in different production scenarios in order to better recommend forage genetic resources for particular production environments.
Os Sistemas Integrados de Produção Agropecuária vêm crescendo no Brasil como alternativa mais sustentável de produção de grãos bem como recuperação de áreas de pastagem em degradação. No entanto, têm-se poucas informações sobre a dinâmica de nematoides nesse sistema, os quais podem acarretar perdas de produtividade. Objetivou-se assim, verificar a dinâmica de fitonematoides durante a implantação do sistema integrado de produção com milho. O experimento foi conduzido em Iporá – GO, avaliando-se três tratamentos (épocas de plantio do milho) durante 14 meses de avaliação. A população e produção de matéria seca dos três componentes foram mensurados. Os tratamentos foram analisados por modelos mistos, efeitos fixos e aleatórios utilizados e as médias comparadas usando o ajuste de Tukey. Para avaliação da relação entre as variáveis, foram realizadas análises de correlação e componentes principais (PCA). Verificou-se que o aumento populacional de fitonematoides do gênero Pratylenchus e Criconemella está relacionado com as épocas do ano e com umidade do solo, destacando-se para a temperatura mais elevada. Não se observou correlação significativa entre produção de grãos e população de fitonematoides. A população de fitonematoides não diferiu entre a área em que foi implantado o SIPA em relação a área de pastagem em degradação e de mata nativa (Cerrado). A implantação do SIPA não afetou a população de fitonematoides e estes não afetaram a produção do milho.
As abóboras possuem fundamental importância para a alimentação humana. Alimento com características físico-químicas da polpa rica em nutrientes e vitaminas. Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho fitotécnico de linhagens de abóboras no município de Iporá, Goiás, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram: cv. ‘Rajada seca melhorada’; cv. ‘Bahiana tropical’; cv. ‘Itapuã 301 (Jacararezinho)’; Linhagem de abóbora (‘LA 16B - F1’); Linhagem de abóbora (‘LA 26C - F1’). As linhagens foram obtidas a partir do banco de germoplasma do IF Goiano, Campus de Iporá. As parcelas foram compostas por cinco plantas. As abóboras dos cultivares, cv. ‘Seca Rajada Melhorada’ e cv. ‘Itapuã 301 ‘(Jacarezinho)’, apresentaram um grande potencial produtivo. Nota-se a necessidade de realizar mais cruzamentos entre as linhagens avaliadas no intuito de aprimorar utilizá-las futuramente em sistemas produtivos locais.
R e t r a c t e d a r t i c l e Substituting sorghum grain with crude glycerol in diets for beef cattle Dias, K.M.; Santos, R.T.; Rodrigues, M.S.; Claudio, F.L.; Calgaro Junior, G.; Alves, E.M.; Paim, T. and Carvalho, E.R. @ Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano (Campus Iporá), Iporá, Goiás, Brasil. AdditionAl keywordsBiodiesel. Byproduct. Energy. Feedlot. Nelore. sUMMAryThe expansion of the biodiesel industry has created opportunities for crude glycerol use in beef cattle diets. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of substituting sorghum grain with crude glycerol on dry matter intake (DMI), weight gain and feed intake pattern of 28 non-castrated Nelore males with initial body weight (BW) of 441 ± 40.2 kg and 21.5 ± 0.5 months of age housed in individual or collective pens. The experiment lasted 98 days (June 29 through October 5, 2015), with a 14 day-period of adaptation and 84 days for data collection. Crude glycerol was included at 15% of the ration dry matter as a replacement for sorghum grain. Orts were collected and weighed daily, and DMI was calculated by difference between feed offered and feed refused. Feed intake pattern was determined every two weeks after the beginning of the study in three intervals relative to feed delivery (0-4, 4-10, and 10-24 hours post-feeding). Animals' BW was obtained on days 1, 13, 27, 41, 55, 69, and 83 days of the trial after a 12-hour solid fasting. Crude glycerol did not alter (P>0.05) DMI, weight gain, hot carcass weight and dressing percentage compared with the control diet. A treatment × days of experiment response (P<0.05) occurred due to a decreased DMI in animals fed crude glycerol during the first 14 days of the trial. Crude glycerol-fed animals decreased (P<0.05) the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake pattern in individual and collective pens. Crude glycerol can be recommended at 15% of the total DM ration as a sorghum grain replacement in diets fed to Nelore animals finished in feedlot.inforMAtion Cronología del artículo. Recibido/Substituição do sorgo grão por glicerol não refinado em dietas para bovinos de corte resUMo A expansão na indústria de biodiesel tem criado oportunidades para o uso do glicerol não refinado em rações de bovinos de corte. Objetivou-se neste estudo determinar os efeitos da substituição do sorgo grão pelo glicerol não refinado sobre o consumo de matéria seca (CMS), ganho de peso e padrão de alimentação de 28 machos Nelore não castrados com peso corporal (PC) inicial de 441 ± 40,2 kg e 21,5 ± 0,5 meses de idade alojados em baias individuais ou coletivas. O experimento teve duração de 98 dias (29 de junho a 5 de outubro de 2015) com período de adaptação de 14 dias e 84 dias para coleta dos dados. Incluiu-se o glicerol não refinado em 15% da matéria seca (MS) da ração como substituto do sorgo grão. As sobras foram coletadas e pesadas diariamente e o CMS foi calculado pela diferença entre o oferecido e sobras. Determinouse o padrão de alimentação a cada 2 semanas após o início do estudo em 3 interval...
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