A general, efficient and green method for the synthesis of quinoline derivatives via the Friedländer heteroannulation reaction of 2-aminoaryl ketones and α-methylene ketones has been developed, employing low melting mixtures of L-(+)-tartaric acid and urea derivatives as an inexpensive, non-toxic, easily biodegradable reaction medium. The melt acts as both the reaction medium and catalyst, furnishing quinolines in high to excellent yields.
NbCl5 catalyzes the synthesis of enaminones and enamino esters from the corresponding 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and primary amines under solvent‐free conditions.
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