Background: Diabetes mellitus refers to a grouping of metabolic diseases involving prolonged hyperglycemia caused by the inadequate secretion of insulin, poor insulin action, or a combination of the two. Poor glycaemic control is a major public health problem among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Objective: To expose the incidence and predictors of poor glycemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in ambulatory clinic of Mettu Karl Referral Hospital.Methods: An institutional based prospective cross-sectional survey was carried out from April 23/2020 to June 24/2021. Data was collected through employing structured questioner, and then the collected data was cleared, coded and analyzed by statistical packages for social sciences 25.0 version statistical software. Descriptive statistics such as the frequency and percentage were used. Those variables with p-value less than 0.25 in bi-variable analysis were entered into multivariable analysis. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: A total of 122 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in this study. The overall incidence of poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetic patients was 60.7%.Poor glycemic control was significantly associated with older age (AOR= 2.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to continue to impose enormous burdens of morbidity and mortality while severely disrupting societies and economies worldwide. Vaccines are a key strategy to stop the escalation of the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccines are the effective way to control and prevent a several diseases, save lives, and reducing current health emergency, as well as increasing the immunity of the population. Objective: To find out eagerness to acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine among health care workers in oromia regional state, Ethiopia: An online-based cross-sectional study. Methods: An online based cross sectional study design were carried out from April 18, 2021 to June 19, 2021. Data was collected through employing online questioner, and then the collected data were coded and analyzed by statistical packages for social sciences 25.0 version statistical software. The statistical significance was set at a P-value ≤0.05. Findings: The current study revealed that 178 (42.2%) of health care workers intended to receive the COVID-19 vaccines. The results of our study showed that the majority of participants don’t believe that COVID-19 vaccine is effective and safe (n=279.66.1%), and couldn’t save lives (n=228, 54.1%). Factors such as age group >55 (AOR: 2.75; 95% CI: 1.092-5.472; P=0.008), Female(AOR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.243-2.796; P=0.003), nurses (AOR: 2.17; 95% CI: 0.621-5.087; P=0.0094) and midwives (AOR: 2.521; 95% CI: 2.497-8.24; P=0.0002), married (AOR: 1.74; 95% CI: 0.218-4.530; P=0.006), health care workers who had contact with COVID-19 patient were twice as likely to accept the vaccine (AOR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.360- 3.784; P=0.0001) and health care workers who indicated that they had more serious medical condition (AOR: 2.61; 95% CI: 0.981-3.618; P=0.007) proved to be significant predictors of the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine. Factors such as taking vitamin C (AOR: 1.624; 95% CI: 0.945-2.596; P=0.0003), poor safety of vaccines (AOR: 7.041; 95% CI: 3.692-13.375; P=0.000), those believe effective medicine avail for treating COVID-19 (AOR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.596-3.485; P=0.0076), no adequate trials about COVID-19 (AOR: 7.041; 95% CI: 3.692-13.375; P=0.000), and unwanted side effects of the vaccines (AOR: 3.422; 95% CI: 1.448-8.096; P=0.005) were identified as indicators why health care workers would decline uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. Conclusion and Recommendation: Our survey revealed that the eagerness to acceptance of covid-19 vaccine among health care workers in oromia regional state was somewhat meagre. Nurses and Midwives were more likely to accept the COVID-19 vaccines than others health care workers. Oromia health bureau should have to give training about COVID-19 vaccine to all health care workers.
Introduction: Physiological alterations during pregnancy as well as the bio- conversion of compounds can significantly influence the teratogenic effects of drugs and chemicals by affecting absorption, body distribution, the active form(s), and excretion of the compound. Certain medications may cause harm to the foetus due to their potential teratogenic effects and the physiological adjustments occurring in the mother during pregnancy. Prescription of drug used by pregnant women should be viewed as one of a public health issue. This study aware health care workers on harmful drugs prescription to pregnant women and helps in understanding the type of medication used during pregnancy and safety of drugs used during pregnancy, thereupon this study was ascertain drug usage pattern and potential teratogenicity risk among pregnant women attending maternal and child health clinic of Mettu Karl Referral Hospital. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was carried out from April 13/2021 to June 15/2021. Data was collected through employing semi-structured questioner, and then the collected data was cleared, coded and analyzed by statistical packages for social sciences 25.0 version statistical software. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data. P value <0.05 was considered as a cut point for statistical significance in the final model. Results: A total of 156 participants were interviewed of whom, 81(51.9%) pregnant women were age between 20-35 years old and a majority 113(72.4%) of them were married. Among medical condition majority 40(25.6%) of the participants had peptic ulcer disease and 26(16.7%) urinary tract infections followed by 20(12.8%) acute illness and 12(7.7%) hyperemesis. Among the total drug prescribed for pregnant women 30(19.2%) FDA category C was the common followed by 29 (186%) FDA category B and 26(16.7%) FDA category D. Only 10(6.4%) of prescribed drug were FDA category X. Pregnant women whose age >35 years (AOR=4.05, 95%CI:1.274-1.903; p=0.001), urban residents (AOR=2.72, 95%CI:2.524-3.927; p=0.035), and pregnant women during second trimester (AOR=1.79, 95%CI:3.926-9.406; p=0.013) were significantly associated with MCH follow up. Conclusion and recommendation: From the drug prescribed, majority of pregnant women were taken antibiotics followed by 18(11.5%) NSAID, iron sulfate, and proton pump inhibitors. Among the dosage form, above half of the participants were taken the tablet dosage form followed by capsule and gels dosage form. Health care workers should have to brought good care for pregnant women, since they perhaps vulnerable to drug teratogenesity
poisoning events are responsible for more than one million illnesses annually [4]. Patients with acute poisoning have highly variable clinical presentations, making diagnosis difficult, especially in resource limited settings [5]. The prevalence, nature, mortality, and morbidity of acute poisoning vary owing to differences in socioeconomic, cultural, and health care facility level of the country [6]. Regarding the prevalence of acute poisoning in the world various retrospective hospital-based studies showed that there was a variation. For instance, a retrospective analysis of acute poisoning conducted in Iran-Tehran reported a prevalence of 5.4% [7], While in Kenya it was 0.
Background: Community Based Education is an educational philosophy aims at developing professionals with problem identification and solving skills and positive attitudes to serve the society. The communities' health need is mostly rounded on either communicable or non-communicable diseases in which communicable diseases remain the most vital health problems in the developing countries. Objective: The intent of this survey was to ascertain the apprehensive of health and health related problems in the community of Mettu town, south western, Ethiopia. Methods and materials: A community based descriptive cross sectional survey was employed in Mettu town, from January 17/2021-May 25/2021. A stratified random sampling technique was applied, and data was gathered by using an interviewer-administered semi structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed by statistical packages of social sciences 23.0 version statistical software. Findings: The overall prevalence of health related problems was 66.23%. The survey revealed that hypertension 36.94% and diabetes mellitus 27.8% were the most common cause of morbidity and mortality.55.9% participants had a roof that was made of tin and floor made of cement and 54.79% of population use pipe water.68.47% user of family planning were majorly used 47.13% injection and 27.39% of them used implant.51.59% women gave birth in health institution and 59.87% attained ANC services at least one times reguraly. 27.27% of infants under 6 months are exclusively breastfed and 55.84% of children start complementary feeding at 6 months. Conclusion and Recommendation: The present survey indicated that the prevalence of health related problems in individuals was escalated dramatically. Majority of Mettu town population was use open field for their waste disposal. Rodent, household flee and bed bug are common insects & rodents that threaten population health. Health professionals should have to give the population health education about substance, waste disposal, family planning, sanitation condition, and immunization.
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