Increasing the efficiency of agricultural production, in particular the production of crop products in personal subsidiary plots, depends on the development and implementation of high-tech machines and their working units. The need for small-sized tillage equipment is increasing from year to year. But in order to increase the functionality of the equipment and the quality of soil preparation for sowing, it is necessary to study the possibility of using various additional working units. The purpose of the work is theoretical studies of the movement and kinematic connection of a trailed slatted-spiral roller with a walk-behind tractor, which make it possible to substantiate rational design and technological parameters of a small-sized tillage tool. The study used the provisions of classical mechanics and analytical geometry, methods of equilibrium and motion of mechanical systems based on differential and integral principles of mechanics. The design of active and passive rollers for a walk-behind tractor is considered, which allows to qualitatively prepare the soil for sowing at the depth of seeding, the influence of potential and non-potential effects on their generalized forces is revealed, the angular velocity and their acceleration are determined, as well as the dynamic characteristics of the moment of inertia of the rollers relative to the axes of rotation X4 and Z4 and their frames relative to the axes of rotation X3 and Z3. The difference in the generalized force for a passive roller relative to the angle φ 5.49 N∙m was obtained. The angular speed of the active roller is 23.0 rad/s higher than that of the passive roller, and as a result of research it was revealed that the moments of inertia of the active roller and its frame relative to the axles are significantly higher than that of the passive roller. Generalized forces for an active roller relative to the angle q = 2.58 N∙m and relative to the angle φ = 1.98 N∙m, for a passive roller - relative to the angle q = 2.32 N∙m and relative to the angle φ = 7.47 N∙m. The generalized forces for the potential effects of an active roller are Qθa=1.58 N∙m, Qφa=2.26 N∙m, for a passive roller Qθn=1.32 N∙m, Qφn= 4.60 N∙m. Mθa = 1 N∙m, Mφa = 114.63 N∙m; passive roller - respectively Mθn = 1 N∙m, Mφn = 178.9 N∙m
Для прогнозу i управлiння процесами ерозiї з метою захисту навколишнього середовища необхiдна iнформацiя про стан її компонентiв i фактори впливу, а також результати цього впливу. Iснуючi методи i способи оцiнки водозбiрної площi в основному носять описовий характер i не можуть бути використанi в математичних задачах прогнозування. Найбiльш коректна постановка задачi по кiлькiснiй оцiнцi водозбiрної площi здiйснюється при проведеннi гiдрологiчних розрахункiв. Це призводить до необхiдностi розроблення теоретичних передумов для агроекологiчної оцiнки схилових агроландшафтiв по стiйкостi мережi тимчасових водотокiв з використанням критерiю Лохтiна. Схиловi агроландшафти є ерозiйно небезпечними об'єктами. Iснування на схилах системи, що безперервно видозмiнюється, мiкроручейкiв, якi породжуються опадами, значно ускладнює ситуацiю. Запропоновано критерiї, що визначають основнi тенденцiї розвитку русел рiчкових систем шляхом змиву або наносу грунту. Висновки про водозбiрну площу в цiлому можна отримати, дослiдивши деяку область протiкання мiкроручейкiв протягом тривалого часу i зiставивши польовi спостереження з лабораторними експериментами. Для визначення стiйкостi русла запропонована теоретично обгрунтована величина, яка дозволяє дати кiлькiсну оцiнку мережi тимчасових водотокiв. При проведеннi дослiджень використовувалися данi про водозбiрнi площi рiчки Цивiль (Чуваська Республiка, Росiя) з 1950 по 2010 рр. Кiлькiсна оцiнка ерозiйної стiйкостi системи мiкроручейкiв проведена як для перiодiв снiготанення, так i для дощiв, умовно роздiлених на лiтнi та осiннi. Розглянутi теоретичнi передумови пiдтвердженi даними багаторiчних спостережень по рiчцi Цивiль за шiстдесят рокiв. Отриманi залежностi дають можливiсть складання адекватного прогнозу напрямку еволюцiї водозбiрної площi щодо процесiв наносу грунту або його змиву. Розробленi критерiї застосовнi як для конкретної водозбiрної площi мiкроручейкiв, так i для водозбiрної площi рiчкової системи в цiломуКлючовi слова: схиловий агроландшафт, ерозiйна стiйкiсть, змив грунту, мiкроручей, водозбiр, стiйкiсть мiкрорусел UDC 631.4
The efficiency of the agricultural sector, and in particular the production of crop products, to a greater extent depends on the cost of the products obtained, which can be reduced, taking into account the factors affecting the technical, economic and operational indicators. Every year, the demand for small-sized tillage equipment, which is a real assistant for gardeners when working on their backyard plots, is growing. But in order to increase the functionality of the equipment and the quality of soil preparation for sowing, it is necessary to conduct research on the possibility of using various additional working bodies for the walk-behind tractor. The aim of the research is to develop and study the design of an active roller for a walk-behind tractor, which allows high-quality preparation of the soil for sowing. To solve the set tasks, the mechanical system of a slatted-spiral roller for a walk-behind tractor is considered. The number of degrees of freedom, the kinematic connection and the position of the mechanical system in the inertial frame of reference associated with the walk-behind tractor have been determined. Taking into account some assumptions, neglecting the small values of some variables, on the basis of the Lagrange equation of the second kind, a differential equation of motion for generalized coordinates is compiled. To solve the differential equation of motion, the kinetic energy of the system is calculated, which is determined as the sum of the kinetic energies of the frame and the roller. The expression for determining the kinetic energy of the system depends on the axial and centrifugal moments of inertia, mass, angular and linear speeds of the frame and roller. The expressions obtained make it possible to substantiate the main rational design and technological parameters of a slatted-spiral roller for a walk-behind tractor
During the traditional mechanized harvesting of cabbage the heads are severely injured. In this regard, the purpose of research is to provide scientific justification for the new technology and devices for machine harvesting cabbage in a sparing mode. Using mathematical modeling, new methods of cabbage harvesting are justified, which provide for a gentle mode of shipment of heads by a combine harvester using a special device, first on a flexible flooring, and then carefully transferring them manually into containers. Thus, the methods of reducing the damage to cabbage heads during machine cleaning are formulated, and the nature of the influence of the main parameters of the proposed devices on the quality of the working process is analytically revealed. As a result, the rational parameters of the devices were determined: the departure of the loading zone of the tray Δ=0.100-0.150 m with its Flexural stiffness EI=16-20 H.m2 , the height difference of the edges of the flexible flooring h=0.25 m. The production test established the consistency of the proposed new technology of machine harvesting of cabbage and the possibility of reducing the damage to the heads to a level not exceeding 5-7% of the total mass of products.
Investigations of the influence of main factors on the quality of can cleaning in an immersion washer in the course of canning are quite relevant and very important in the food industry. Hence, a new design of a two-section washer is suggested. Experiments were performed on the washer under discussion. Results of experimental research of the quality of metal can surface cleaning are given. Based on the results of unifactor experiments with two-step washing of can surface, relations were established between the can cleaning quality and wash liquor concentration at different wash liquor temperatures, also relations between the can surface cleaning quality and wash liquor temperature at different liquor concentrations by fixing the washer drive wheel’s rotation velocity. With increase of the washer drive wheel’s rotation velocity at constant wash liquor temperature its concentration at which the cleaning quality compliant with the standard is achieved fells down. At a velocity of 15 min−1, the wash liquor concentration is 3.5 g/l at 85 °C. The same quality of cleaning is achieved at wash liquor concentration equal to 1 g/l and its temperature equal to 85 °C at a velocity of 35 min−1. As the washer drive wheel’s rotation velocity increases at a constant concentration of the wash liquor, the temperature at which the cleaning quality compliant with the standard is achieved fells down. At a velocity of 30 min−1, the minimal temperature is 60 °C at 5 g/l concentration. The same quality of cleaning is achieved at a temperature of 48 °C in case of 5 g/l concentration at a velocity of 35 min−1. The quality of cleaning grows intensively at a concentration of 1 to 3 g/l. If the wash liquor concentration is further increased over 3 g/l, the quality of cleaning improves insignificantly. The optimal temperature providing good-quality cleaning of can surface that would comply with the standard is within 65…85 °C regardless of the washer drive wheel’s rotation velocity.
The paper gives a method to determine a blade line element cutting angle of tillage inclined and vertical flat disks. Formulas are obtained for the blade line element cutting angle of discs, depending on its geometric and operating parameters. Similar dependencies based on the angle, characterizing soil ripping capability of any elementary disc surface area, were determined. Based on these dependencies, it was demonstrated that the vertical discs crumble the soil better than inclined ones. For small depth for the angle, characterizing ripping capability, they are closer to plows and go far beyond rotatory cultivators. Using the dependencies for blade line element cutting angles of discs, the authors demonstrated the way one can narrow the scope for rational choice of geometrical and mode parameters of disks and thus reduce the scope and duration of necessary experimental studies. For an optimal range of all blade line element cutting angles, interacting with the soil, one need either brake disks hard enough or force them to rotate.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.