One of the main tasks of drip irrigation is to predict the geometric parameters of the moisture contours by estimating the impact of the water rate and the irrigation water on the moisture distribution in the soil. In this paper the soil water retention curve and function of moisture conductivity are used to simulate the process of moisture movement taking into account both the state and the type of soil. A software tool has been developed to automate calculations and visualize them. One of the main advantages of this software tool is that it allows using three-dimensional arrays of porosity values, specific surface area and initial soil moisture for each elementary volume of soil. The results of simulating various initial conditions make it possible to form contours and maintain optimum soil moisture right in the area of the plant root zone development. The correspondence of the simulation results to real data was verified by a series of laboratory and field experiments having light-gray forest soil. The calculated coefficients of determination have average values, that are quite high for such tasks, namely 0.68 (horizontal surfaces) and 0.72 (inclined surfaces).
The physicochemical activity of the washing environment is related to the value of the contact wetting angle of the solution and the body being washed and changes rather quickly. In this study a technique and software tool were developed for the rapid determination of the dependence of the contact wetting angle on the concentration of surface-active substances (surfactants) and the selection of optimal values. The technique was based on pixel-by-pixel processing of photographs of cleaning solutions droplets on various types of the studied surfaces with using color contrasting. The data were processed by statistical methods which allow determining the value of the derivative of the surface equation and finding the contact wetting angle. The dependence of the wetting angle on the surfactant concentration was studied using multiplicative power functions. The results showed a decreasing return value of the contact wetting angle from increasing surfactant concentration. It was defined that the influence of potassium monoborate (PMB) together with MS-8 is the most effective. The obtained results allow calculating and optimizing surfactants percentage defining the quality and performance of the washing process at the design stage of the technological process for various options for the combined use of surfactants.
The effect of soil contamination with synthetic detergents (SD) Labomid-203, MS-8 and ML-51 in combination with potassium monoborate (MBP) on the change in the potential of soil erosion resistance (PER) was evaluated. PER characterizes the soil resistance to water erosion and is equal to the energy of a water jet acting perpendicular to the soil surface, required for the destruction and removal of a unit of soil mass from the area of its natural occurrence. Soil water retention curve (SWRC) and hydraulic conductivity were selected for the research as parameters determining soil erodibility. SWRC and moisture conductivity function are dependent on the surface tension and viscosity of the moisture in the soil, which are changed on soil contamination with surfactants of washing solutions. Integrating the expression for SWRC in the range of moisture content values from a fixed initial value to the value, corresponding to the complete filling of soil pores with moisture, gave the result correlating with the energy determining the potential for erosion resistance. Soil contamination with SD and MBP led to the significant decrease in soil erosion resistance, which is particularly evident at low moisture values. The largest decrease in soil erosion resistance (by an average of 39.6%) was caused by MS-8 (1.0% MS-8, 0.3% MBP). The smallest decrease in soil erosion resistance (by an average of 12.4%) was caused by ML-51 (0.5% ML-51, 0.1% MBP). The experiments were carried out with dark-gray and light-gray forest soils of the Chuvash Republic (Russia).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.