The treatment of cancer is an important issue in both developing and developed countries. Clinical use of ultrasound in cancer is not only for the diagnosis but also for the treatment. Focused ultrasound surgery (FUS) is a noninvasive technique. By using the combination of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and imaging method, FUS has the potential to ablate tumor lesions precisely. The main mechanisms of HIFU ablation involve mechanical and thermal effects. Recent advances in HIFU have increased its popularity. Some promising results were achieved in managing various malignancies, including pancreas, prostate, liver, kidney, breast and bone. Other applications include brain tumor ablation and disruption of the blood-brain barrier. We aim at briefly outlining the clinical utility of FUS as a noninvasive technique for a variety of types of cancer treatment.

The use of multiple sutures through the uterus is effective to control postpartum hemorrhage but may lead to uterine synechiae.

PRUV is a common vascular anomaly that is easy to be overlooked. Reconstruction of the portal system in the affected fetuses using 3D ultrasound facilitated the identification of the DV. If the DV is present, and other anomalies are excluded, the fetus with PRUV has a good outcome.

We report a patient whose chorionic villus sampling showed a nonmosaic trisomy 13 [46,XX,der(13;13)(q10;q10)]. Subsequent amniocentesis and cordocentesis showed varying percentages of abnormal cells (77 and 78% in two amniocentesis; 14% in cordocentesis) and mosaic trisomy 13 was impressed. Prenatal fetal ultrasound scanning revealed only mild structural abnormalities (echogenic cardiac foci, transient lemon head, transient skin oedema). The mother chose to continue the pregnancy. Karyotyping of the cord blood, peripheral blood, umbilical cord, urine, and chorion were performed postpartum. The process of correction appeared to exist in the placenta (indirect evidence from coexistence of trisomy 13 [46,XX,der(13;13)(q10,q10)], euploidy [46,XX], aneuploidy [46,XX,–13, +mar], and monosomy 13 [45,XX,–13] in the chorion at birth). The baby had survived beyond eight months of age at the time of submission. Few structural abnormalities except low‐set ears, absence of the 12th rib, and cardiomegaly with ventricular septal defect, were noted postnatally. The growth reached 95th percentile at the age of one month. Development milestones were not delayed at serial evaluations. Her ventricular septal defect was corrected surgically at the age of six months. Karyotypes of her skin fibroblasts, blood lymphocytes, and cardiac tissue were all normal [46,XX] at the time of surgery. Difficulties of the genetic counseling are also discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Problems relating to the erosion of sling material, through either the vagina or the urethra, have been encountered with almost all kinds of synthetic sling materials. We present four unusual cases of women using different synthetic materials and the complications that occurred. The biopsies were examined histologically and analyzed for collagen and inflammatory reactions. Four patients who underwent suburethral slingplasty previously with different sling materials required surgical management for complications, including one intravesical Ethibond migration, vaginal mucosal mesh erosion in two patients, and one proximal urethral overcorrection with intravesical erosion. We reviewed the literature regarding the amount of mesh erosion and connective tissue reaction with synthetic materials. The efficiency of mesh removal was assessed. The four patients maintained urinary continence after urethrolysis and removal of the mesh. Fibrosis and severe inflammatory reactions were found in the connective tissue adjacent to the mesh as well as the Prolene mesh. Technically, it would be easier to remove the graft of patch sling if rejection or erosion occurs.

High serum E2 levels and high oocyte yield are not detrimental to IVF outcome. More studies are needed to characterize the threshold E2 levels above which implantation rates are reduced.

2D ultrasonography could only give indirect clues of hypospadia that was later more precisely delineated by 3D ultrasonography in surface-rendered mode.