Prenatal Sonographic Features of Hypospadia: Two- and Three-Dimensional Findings

Abstract

2D ultrasonography could only give indirect clues of hypospadia that was later more precisely delineated by 3D ultrasonography in surface-rendered mode.

3D, Vocal and Tomographic Ultrasound Image in Prenatal Diagnosis of Hypospadias

“…As previously described, 3,4 TUI mode was specially useful, its tomographic cuts and the manipulation of the ecographic angles were perfect to clearly show the curve and size of the defect (Fig. 3).…”

“…3 Moreover, sometimes fusion of vulvar/scrotal folds can be delayed, leading to confusion or misdiagnosis. 4 Sonographic markers for prenatal diagnosis include: 1 • Blunter and bulbous tip of the distal part of the penile shaft rather than the normal pointed morphology • Penile duct anomaly short or small • Shaft morphology of the distal part of the penis with severe ventral curvature which results from a fibrous band, the chordee, occurring in the projected course of the urethra • Observation of small lateral folds, epithelial remnants of the foreskin 3 and the presence of an abnormal urine stream 1,6 • The tulip sign 1…”

Case Report and Review: Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Megalourethra

“…Phimosis rarely causes prune belly syndrome, and to our knowledge, there has only been one case report that demonstrated severe phimosis with complete occlusion of the prepuce opening and caused prune belly syndrome [4] . In hypospadia, the penis usually shortens and curves ventrally [5] . In severe cases of hypospadia, the tulip sign, which is caused by an extreme ventrally bent penis between the two scrotal folds, can easily be recognized [6] .…”

Early prenatal diagnosis of ischiopagus conjoined twins

“…A case report published by Fang et al pointed out that the diagnosis of ischiopagus conjoined twins at 9 weeks of gestation was made by 2D and 3D USG (6) .…”