The solar steam process, akin to the natural water cycle, is considered to be an attractive approach to address water scarcity issues globally. However, water extraction from groundwater, for example, has not been demonstrated using these existing technologies. Additionally, there are major unaddressed challenges in extracting potable water from seawater including salt accumulation and long-term evaporation stability, which warrant further investigation. Herein, a high-performance solar steam device composed entirely of natural wood is reported. The pristine, natural wood is cut along the transverse direction and the top surface is carbonized to create a unique bilayer structure. This tree-inspired design offers distinct advantages for water extraction, including rapid water transport and evaporation in the mesoporous wood, high light absorption (≈99%) within the surface carbonized open wood channels, a low thermal conductivity to avoid thermal loss, and cost effectiveness. The device also exhibits long-term stability in seawater without salt accumulation as well as high performance for underground water extraction. The tree-inspired design offers an inexpensive and scalable solar energy harvesting and steam generation technology that can provide clean water globally, especially for rural or remote areas where water is not only scarce but also limited by water extraction materials and methods.

Although antidepressants are at least moderately effective in treating major depressive disorder (MDD), concerns have arisen that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are associated with suicidal thinking and behavior, especially in children, adolescents, and young adults. Virtually no experimental research in model systems has considered the mechanisms by which SSRIs may be associated with this potential side effect in some susceptible individuals. Suicide is a complex behavior that is, at best, complicated to study in humans and impossible to fully reproduce in an animal model. However, by investigating traits that show strong cross-species parallels as well as associations with suicide in humans, animal models may elucidate the mechanisms by which SSRIs are associated with suicidal thinking and behavior in the young. Traits linked with suicide in humans that can be successfully modeled in rodents include aggression, impulsivity, irritability, and hopelessness/helplessness. Differences in animal response to particular paradigms and to SSRIs across the lifespan are also discussed. Modeling these relevant traits in animals can help clarify the impact of SSRIs on these traits, suggesting avenues for reducing suicide risk in this vulnerable population.

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Background Barley is a low phosphorus (P) demand cereal crop. Tibetan wild barley, as a progenitor of cultivated barley, has revealed outstanding ability of tolerance to low-P stress. However, the underlying mechanisms of low-P adaption and the relevant genetic controlling are still unclear. Results We identified low-P tolerant barley lines in a doubled-haploid (DH) population derived from an elite Tibetan wild barley accession and a high-yield cultivar. The tolerant lines revealed greater root plasticity in the terms of lateral root length, compared to low-P sensitive lines, in response to low-P stress. By integrating the QTLs associated with root length and root transcriptomic profiling, candidate genes encoding isoflavone reductase, nitrate reductase, nitrate transporter and transcriptional factor MYB were identified. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved the growth of lateral root, Pi transport within cells as well as from roots to shoots contributed to the differences between low-P tolerant line L138 and low-P sensitive lines L73 in their ability of P acquisition and utilization. Conclusions The plasticity of root system is an important trait for barley to tolerate low-P stress. The low-P tolerance in the elite DH line derived from a cross of Tibetan wild barley and cultivated barley is characterized by enhanced growth of lateral root and Pi recycling within plants under low-P stress. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-019-1949-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The electrochemical behaviour of a new type Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti-Ga-Mn anode suitable for deepwater cathodic protection was investigated. The current efficiency experiment was carried out in various simulated deepwater environment, and the EPMA and SKP technologies were also used. The results showed that the anode had uniform dissolution morphology in simulated deepwater environment. The current efficiency was always higher than 90% in all the experiment conditions.

Based on theoretical and experimental research, this paper constructs a rapid test method for estimating the accuracy of the range of pure electric vehicles based on CLTC-P, which is based on different environmental temperatures, air conditioning use, test scenarios, and high-speed operating conditions. The article further compares and analyzes a variety of mathematical statistical methods and selects certain coefficients to evaluate the accuracy of cruising range estimation, and proposes a general rapid test method and evaluation theory of cruising range estimation accuracy, which lays the foundation for establishing a unified assessment standard in industry, and promotes the development of the electric vehicle industry.

Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a bulge from the weak area in the wall of cerebral blood vessels and can cause serious diseases, such as hemorrhagic stroke and other neurologic diseases. Experimental and computational results demonstrated that the different flow fields of blood had a great influence on the formation, growth, and rupture of IAs. Therefore, it is crucial to acquire flow field of blood for fully characterizing the hemodynamics. In this study, six transparent models of artificial blood vessels with different growth stages of IAs by 3D printingbased super-assembly technology were first fabricated. Epoxybased resin was used to form a 3D pipeline structure, and it played an important role in restoring the appearance of IAs and comparing with the medical image. Phase contrast-magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were used to assess flow fields of IA during growth. The internal flow and wall shear stress (WSS) of inner IAs showed a very low level in the cardiac cycle compared with normal blood vessels. The CFD and PC-MRI demonstrated that the internal flow of IA gradually interfered with intravascular flow because IAs formed, and this interference gradually reduced after a mid-term stage. Meanwhile, the growth and rupture points of side IAs mainly located in the efferent region of IAs may result from the blood flow becoming extremely slow in this area. This proposed 3D printing-based super-assembly technology reduced the replica size by at least 80% and provided a visual internal structure to obtain MR imaging data.

This paper analyze the development trend of the satellite communications, describe the existing data link layer protocol of the Satellite Networks network and conclude the characteristics and impact of the sate llite network, then a new satellite ne twork data link layer protocol (NSLP) has been proposed. The comparison shows that the new protocol can effectively reduce the link layer header overhead and improve the efficiency of information transmission. In practical applications, the new protocol can simplify the data link layer functions, have a better compatibility with the TCPIIP protocol and higher IP protocol coupling degree, save resources on star and many other advantages. The new protocol has a benefit to effectively enhance the overall performance of the satel lite IP networks.Keyword�satellite IP networks; data link layer proto col; NSLP 1. IN TR O DUCTIONThe satellite network has the unique characteristics of wider coverage and broadcasting ca pabilities, simplicity access, which supports broadband applications and services in rural and remote areas. Satellite networks are independent for distance, which enables them to be cost-effective for global coverage for point-to-multipoint broadcasting services. Satellite networks are suitable for providing multimedia applications and Internet services for both fixed and mobile users, which has become an exploration and important supplement part of the terrestrial communication network. Due to the long time delay, the high data error, the low bandwidth