The article provides information about fluctuations in the microbiological composition of waste from the city of St. Petersburg (Russia) and microbiological air pollution at the facilities for the collection and processing of solid waste. It has been shown that the collection sites do not significantly affect the microbiological pollution of atmospheric air. Large MSW landfills have a significant impact on air pollution by microorganisms. Although the effect of plants for mechanized biological processing of MSW on the microbial number of atmospheric air is observed, it cannot be considered statistically significant.
The paper presents the results of studies of the technologically significant properties of municipal solid waste (MSW) compost produced by MSW processing enterprises in St. Petersburg (Russia) where the Dano drum process is implemented. The chemical and microbiological composition of compost, as well as heat during ripening, are investigated. The chemical composition of industrial compost produced in St. Petersburg does not make it possible to use it as fertilizers and soil in agriculture. From the microbiological point of view, NSW compost is not dangerous, but the content of indicator groups of microorganisms classifies it as contaminated soil. The heat generation of compost during ripening is uneven - the largest share of heat 78.5% is released in the first year of maturation. In absolute terms, this value is 3250 kJ/kg by dry weight. To ensure the process is carried out during a period when the compost temperature is higher than the ambient temperature, toxic substances must be added to the compost in an amount not more than 400 times the pollutant content in waste of the 4th hazardclass.
The paper presents the results on the use of pulsed electric discharge in an aqueous medium (Yutkin effect) for processing raw amber. The proposed method allows to achieve a high degree of purification of the surface of amber, including purification from the oxidized crust, almost without destruction of the original pieces, while there is no sticking of small fractions and other negative phenomena. Using the same method, but in other treatment modes, it is possible to crush off-grade feedstock for further refining. Fractional composition of the obtaining material and the degree of its purification are regulated by the treatment mode. So three technological processes (washing, peeling and crushing) can be carried out using only one installation, which significantly reduce the cost of industrial implementation.
The article shows the possibility of bacterial degradation of crystalline phenanthrene in its pure form. The results make it possible to create a technology for processing chemical industry waste in the form of “as is” without dilution with neutral substrates or clean soils. Bacteria Pseudomonas sp., Completely destroying crystals moistened with a solution of salts of Raymond’s medium, were isolated from a soil sample taken in Soho Square, London (UK). Similar destructors, but with less activity, were isolated from the soil of the industrial zone of Dzerzhinsk (Russia).
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