All‐textile triboelectric generators (TEGs) allow for seamless integration of TEGs into garments, while maintaining the intrinsic flexibility, breathability, durability, and aesthetic value of normal textiles. However, practical approaches to construct fabric TEGs using traditional textile processes, such as sewing, weaving, and knitting, are underreported. In this work, two approaches to create an all‐textile TEG using straight‐forward textile manufacturing methods are presented. The first approach is to assemble two different cloths of opposite surface charge characteristics in a face‐to‐face configuration. A cotton fabric functionalized with fluoroalkylated polymeric siloxanes is necessary to generate usable triboelectric power output, when coupled with a pristine nylon cloth. The increased surface charge density by introducing fluoroalkyl groups is confirmed by Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements. The second approach is to weave or knit together two different conductive threads of opposite surface charge characteristics to create a monolithic triboelectric textile. The weave or knit pattern used to assemble this textile directly controls the density of contact points between the two types of threads, which, ultimately, determines the areal triboelectric power output of the textile. Overall, two feasible methods for constructing unprecedented textile‐based triboelectric generators with notable power output are presented.
Anomalous electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals from formally closed-shell phthalocyanines have been a longstanding mystery. For the past few decades, this illogical observation has remained unexplored because of the belief that it is unique to only the one class of chromophores, namely, phthalocyanines. Here we show that, in fact, a broad structural range of molecular semiconductors, including pentacene, diindenoperylenes, rylene diimides, pyrrolo[c]pyrroles, and indenofluorenes, show a strong, clear EPR signal (X-band) in the solid state, which is not present in the solution EPR spectra of the same compounds. Further, magnetic susceptibility measurements confirm that these formally closed-shell molecules are paramagnetic (as bulk powders), even at low temperatures. In some compounds, the intensity of the EPR signal or value of magnetic susceptibility increases after sample purification via physical vapor transport. EPR signal evolution can be directly correlated to the evolution of molecular aggregates. We propose that such anomalous paramagnetism arises from a small concentration of intrinsic radical cations or anions generated through exposure to ambient atmosphere (oxygen, water) and light. The phenomenon described herein notably alters how conjugated molecules/polymers are conceptualized, designed, and processed for nascent magnetoelectronic and magneto-optic applications.
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