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Valvular strands visualized by transesophageal echocardiography are associated with systemic embolization.

Although the HC device was able to provide important anatomic information, the device falls far short of SE in the evaluation of critically ill patients.

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The evaluation of the severity of subaortic stenosis is usually expressed by the magnitude of the subvalvular gradient. Calculation of the membrane orifice area noninvasively is difficult by the standard means. We present a patient in whom the area was calculated using the proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method. This method should have clinical applicability because it is not flow dependent and can be used in patients with normal, reduced, or increased stroke volume.

A 49-year-old woman with mitral and tricuspid mechanical valve prostheses developed marked weight gain with increasing abdominal girth and facial plethora 4 weeks after anticoagulation was temporarily interrupted for abdominal surgery. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography documented severe tricuspid stenosis and regurgitation. The two discs of the tricuspid prosthesis were immobilized, half open and half closed. The prosthesis was replaced and the patient did well.

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