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Resumo: O Humanismo é parte da formação do médico para construir-se como um profissional capaz de entender e cuidar de seus pacientes. As humanidades e as artes são recursos educacionais para promover o humanismo nos futuros médicos. O cinema é particular mente útil para educar a afetividade do estudante. Educar as emoções requer estratégias inovadoras modernas que não ao encontro das necessidades do estudante. O processo vai além do ensino teórico de atitudes para, utilizando a cultura da emoção e da imagem na qual o estudante está imerso, promover a reflexão vital. A abordagem metodológica trabalha as emoções do estudante como ponto de partida para, através de grupos de reflexão, possibilitar a construção de conceitos na relação médico-paciente e criar o hábito da reflexão habitual que pode ser transportada para as atividades do cotidiano. O objetivo deste aprendizado é promover no futuro médico exercício da reflexão, base do compromisso vocacional profissional. A metodologia pode ser usada em vários cenários de educação médica, sempre que os professores tenham familiaridade e gosto pelas humanidades e priorizem o aprendizado centrado no aluno.

Learning through aesthetics—in which cinema is included—stimulates learner reflection. Because emotions play key roles in learning attitudes and changing behavior, teachers must impact learners’ affective domain. Since feelings exist before concepts, the affective path is a critical path to the rational process of learning. Likewise, faculty use their own emotions in teaching, so learning proper methods to address their affective side is a complementary way to improve their communication with students. This paper presents experiences of how to use cinema for educating emotions, among students and teachers, to foster reflection and improve teaching skills

We live in an era where outcomes, guidelines, and clinical trials are at the forefront of medical training. However, to care implies having an understanding of the human being and build reflective practitioners impregnated of a humanistic perspective of doctoring. Although technical knowledge and skills can be acquired through training with little reflective process, it is impossible to refine attitudes, acquire virtues, and incorporate values without reflection. Empathy, which is required for a deep understanding of the human condition, could bridge the gap between patient-centered medicine and evidence-based medicine therefore representing a profound therapeutic potential. The challenge is how to teach empathy, an important issue in medical education, hard to teach and to measure. The authors' broad experience in medical education using movies points out an innovative methodology to promote empathy because it reaches the learners' affective domain. A description of the cinematic teaching methodology is provided and an extensive list of movie scenes are included so faculty and educators can try it in their own teaching scenario.Keywords: cinema and education, empathy, medical education, affective education, learning through emotions Educating Emotions: Bridging Technology with HumanismWe live in an era where outcomes, guidelines, and clinical trials are at the forefront of medical training. However, to care implies having an understanding of the human being and the human condition and for this endeavor, humanities and arts help in building a humanistic perspective of doctoring. Through these means, doctors are able to understand patients in their whole context. The humanities and arts provide a source of insight and understanding for proper doctoring and, as such, they should be as much a part of medical education as training in differential diagnosis or medical decision-making. Teaching how to effectively take care of people requires creating educational methods that address the human aspects of medicine. Because people's emotions play a specific role in learning attitudes and behavior, educators cannot afford to ignore students' affective domain. Although technical knowledge and skills can be acquired through training with little reflective process, it is impossible to refine attitudes, acquire virtues, and incorporate values without reflection. The challenge here is to understand how to effectively provoke students' reflective process.Learning through aesthetics -in which cinema is included-stimulates a reflective attitude in the learner. The first step in humanizing medical education is to keep in mind that students are reflective beings who need an environment that supports and encourages this activity. Because emotions and images are ubiquitous in popular culture, they should be the front door in students' learning process about feelings. In fact, when systematically incorporated into the educational process, and allowed to flow freely in the educational setting, emotions make learning both more m...

Since 1988, Brazil's public health system has tried to build a national health system that responds to the needs and expectations of Brazil's population. In 1994, the government created the Family Health Program to help carry out that goal. However, the dearth of family physicians in Brazil-the central figures in that program-limits the program's effectiveness. The lack of family physicians can be traced primarily to the medical schools, which at that time were not training such physicians. This, in turn, can be traced to a number of conditions in Brazil (e.g., the bias toward specialization in both medical education and care) that favor specialists and discourage generalists. In 1992, a group of physicians founded an academic society in São Paulo to promote the humanistic dimensions of doctoring and "establish the proper basis and scientific methodology for family medicine." The society's board eventually began teaching humanistic medicine to medical students, who became interested in family medicine. The board realized that its mission should expand to find ways to introduce and integrate family medicine into the medical schools of Brazil, to establish family medicine's academic credentials, help attract students to family medicine as a career, and secure family medicine's credibility in the marketplace. Since that time, the society has developed a variety of initiatives involving students, faculty, and medical schools to pursue these goals. The authors describe these initiatives, the progress made, and the challenges ahead.

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