O NE OF the most used means of estimating personality is th rating scale. Rating scales take a variety of forms-graphi point scales, "man to man" comparison, order of merit, am a score of other special adaptations of these. But in all ratin. procedure the experimenter has to make a choice between havin his group rate themselves or be rated by one another. The othe alternative is of course to do both. Various arguments can I made in favor of each method. It is certainly true that there ŝome things that we know about ourselves that others rarely know on the other hand, it is equally true that we do not see ourselv as others see us.Rugg, 1 who has perhaps made the most thorough investigatio of rating by others, is of the opinion that ratings by others c°b e reliable if the ratings are made under rigorous condition (1) if the final ratings are the average of at least three independei ratings; (2) if the scales on which the ratings are made are con parable and equivalent; and (3) if the raters are so thorough! acquainted with the person rated that they are competent to ru! Freyd, 2 who used a graphic rating scale, had his subjects hot rate themselves and be rated by others. He reports that th general trend is for acquaintances to rate the men higher or moi favorably than they would rate themselves. However, he says tl differences between groups in self-ratings and in the ratings ' others are in most cases slight, but they gain significance from th fact that in almost every case where a difference appears in sel ratings it is corroborated by the ratings of others, and from tl fact that the differences are consistent.
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