RESUMEDans cette étude, une évaluation rétrospective sur 3 ans de la prévalence de l'hémoglobine S dans le Centre médical urbain de Samadin a été faite. Ensuite, les effets d'extraits aqueux de trois plantes utilisées dans le traitement de la drépanocytose chez des malades ont été évalués. L'évaluation de prévalence sur les dossiers de malades ayant réalisé une électrophorèse sur les trois dernières années dans le centre donne 87% pour AS, 2,4% pour SS et 10,6% pour SC. Elle a été faite sur 2133 patients dont 208 présentaient l'hémoglobine S. Pour évaluation des effets antifalcémiante de Jatropha curcas, Antisickling activity of extracts of three medicinal plants of Bukina Faso:Jatropha curcas, Khaya senegalensis and Dichrostachys cinerea ABSTRACT In this study a retrospective evaluation of sickling hemoglobin prevalence has been carried out during the last three years in Samadin urban medical center. In the other way, the effects of aqueous extract of three plants using in traditional treatment of sickle-cell anemia in Burkina Faso were studied. The results of S. SAWADOGO et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 11(5): 2016-2027, 2017 2017 prevalence in the sickle-cell disease, in Samdin urban center made on 2133 patients out of which 208 presenting hemoglobin S had given 87% of AS, 2.4% of SS and 10.6% for SC. For evaluating the antisickling activities Jatropha curcas, of Khaya senegalensis and Dichrostachys cinerea, we incubed for 30 minutes cells globin AS in the aqueous extracts of these three plants and counted the residual sickling cells in the Emmel test. The results expressed in percentage are compared with those of blank example. We obtained 97% with Jatropha curcas, 32% with Khaya senegalensis and 91% with Dichrostachys cinerea. The results of the study show that the aqueous extracts of these three plants have some components with antisickling activities and support the traditional use of these plants in management of sickle-cell disease.

Jatropha curcas is a medicinal plant whose dead leaves are particularly used in arterial hypertension and diabetes treatment. The purpose of this study is to conduct an acute and subacute toxicity study of Jatropha curcas leaves aqueous extract (JCLAE) using OECD method. For acute toxicity, dose limits of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg were used. In subacute toxicity study 4 batches were constituted including a control batch that received distilled water for 28 days and the other 3 batches, JCLAE doses of respectively 200, 400, 800 mg/kg for the same duration. The LD50 was determined and the hematological, biochemical and histological parameters were analyzed in mice. The LD50 is greater than 5000 mg/kg. HDL-C is the only biochemical parameter that has experienced significant rise variation. Hematological analysis showed a decrease in mean platelet volume and Platelets number. The histological study revealed cases of hepatic cellular apoptosis and kidneys tubular necrosis among animals treated with highest dose. JCLAE is less toxic than Jatropha curcas leaves aqueous extract and high-dose JCLAE also has a moderate toxic effect on thrombocyte line and a protective effect on cardiovascular system.

Background: In Burkina Faso, leaves of Cassia alata are used in the treatment of several diseases, including inflammation. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of the dichloromethane extract of Cassia alata leaves (CF-AECal) on different models of inflammation in wistar rats in order to enhance its use in traditional medicine. Materials and Methods: Acute inflammation was induced among rats with 0.1 ml of carrageenan, serotonin, histamine and dextrane 1%. The effects of the CF-AECal 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg were compared to the effects of diclofenal 5 mg/kg, prednisone 5 mg/kg, promethazine 1 mg/kg, cyproheptadin 2 mg/kg. Cotton pellet and air pouchinduced granuloma permitted to study CF-AECal effects on the subacute inflammation. The ways of administrations were intra peritoneal for the substances of inductions and oral for the molecules of references and CF-AECal. Result: Carrageenan-induced paw edema has been inhibited to 52.39% by CF-AECal 50 mg/kg and 50.17% by CFAECal 100 mg/kg. Wet granulomas formation has been inhibited by CF-AECal 50 and 100 mg/kg to 20.94 and 57.82%. The dry granulomas were inhibited at 24.32 and 59.04% by CF-AECal 50 and 100 mg/kg. Air pouch fluid was significantly reduced by CF-AECal in comparison to the control group. There was a massive recruitment of leukocytes in the pocket granuloma of the control group. CF-AECal caused strong inhibition of this infiltration of leukocytes (p< 0.001). Conclusion: Dichloromethane extract of Cassia alata showed anti-inflammatory effects.

Moringa oleifera is used in folk medicine for the treatment of many ailments among which, hypertension and intestinal disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypotensive and/or antihypertensive activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on normotensive anaesthetized rats by direct measure of the arterial pression and in the other hand, to determine its antispasmodic effects on isolated rat duodenum. Intravenous administration of aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera (EAMO 5mg/kg-75 mg/kg body weight), caused a transitory dose-dependent fail in the mean arterial blood pressure of normotensive anaesthetized rats (p< 0.05). Moreover, hypertensive arterial blood pressure induced by phenylephrine 100µg/kg rat body weight, was completely abolished by aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera 10mg-40mg/kg body weight. The studies on isolated rat duodenum smooth muscles demonstrated that the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera produced a dose dependent relaxation of these muscles (p<0,05). The extract decreases the contractile effects of Ach on these tissues doses dependently. These results indicate that aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera possesses hypotensive, antihypertensive activity on normotensive anaesthetized rats and antispasmodic effects on isolated duodenum smooth muscle. This result can explain the traditional use of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts in the treatment of hypertensive arterial blood pressure, diarrhea and dysentery.

No abstract