Adverse drug reaction is any noxious, unintended and undesired effect of a drug that occurs at doses used for prevention, diagnosis or treatment [1]. ADRs are defined as type A, type B, type C and type D [2]. Type A reaction (predictable) is related to dosage and is an extension to the normal pharmacology of the medication. Type B reaction (unpredictable) is unrelated to normal pharmacology.Type C reactions are associated with prolonged therapy e.g. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACTBackground: Adverse drug reaction is any noxious, unintended, and undesired effect of a drug which resulted from inadequate monitoring of therapy or inappropriate dosing. It may be unexpected, unknown and/or rare. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In some case it is lifethreatening and can be major determinants of treatment outcomes. All healthcare professionals are encouraged to report ADR, but under-reporting remains a major drawback of spontaneous reporting. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare professionals towards ADR reporting and try to fill the information gap in the study area.Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of ADR reporting among health care professionals working at Public Hospitals in Harar Town Eastern Ethiopia 2020. Methodology: Health facility based cross sectional study was conducted on 238Health professional who are working in Public Hospitals of Harar Town Eastern Ethiopia. Sample allocates proportionately and study participant was selected by systematic random sampling method. Collected and checked data were entered into Epi Data software version 3.1 and analysis was done by SPSS version 21. Mean value were used to classify as good or poor knowledge, altitude and practice on ADR reporting. Finding was summarized and presented in forms of tables and statement. Result:The overall prevalence of good knowledge, altitude and practice of ADR reporting was 42.9 %, 34.5 % and 39.9 % respectively. Majority 158 (66.4%) of study participant does not feel that there are adequately trained on ADR reporting. While 206 (86.6 %) and 208 (87.4%) of health professional agree that reporting drug safety is important for the public and health care system. One third of health professionals 74 (31.4%, P = 0.002) significantly reported that there had encountered ADR. Conclusion and Recommendation:On this study majority respondent had poor knowledge, altitude and ADR Reporting practices. Therefore, Training provision, awareness creation, Strong and collaborative ADR reporting mechanisms, continuous monitoring and evaluation need to be established on each health institution.
Background:Neonatal sepsis is a condition defined as a clinical syndrome characterized by signs and symptoms of infection in an infant 28 days of life or younger. Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. Socio-demographic, maternal, neonatal and medical factors were associated with risk of infection. The clinical signs and symptoms of neonatal Sepsis are nonspecific and the confirmation of diagnosis is challenging and time consuming. Therefore, the diagnostic approach should be depends up on consideration of risk factors. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with neonatal sepsis among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit at Hiwot Fana Specialize Hospital Harar, Ethiopia 2020. Methods: Retrospective cross sectional registered data based study was conducted from February 7- February 25/2020 G.C. A total of 292 neonates cards was selected systematically from neonates admitted to Hiwot Fana specialize hospital at NICU. Data was collected using data extraction tool and checked for completeness and consistency then entered in to SPSS windows version 20.0 for analysis. Bivariate logistic and multivariate regression analysis was used to check existence of association of each independent variable with the outcome variable and Variables significant in bi-variate analysis (P< 0.25) was entered to a multivariate logistic regression model and statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05. Odds ratios along with 95% Confidence interval were used to measure strength and to assess the presence of statistically significant association between independent variables and outcome variable. Result: The prevalence of Neonatal Sepsis was 52.7%. From these 92.2% and 7.8% 0f Neonates developed Early and Late Neonatal sepsis respectively. Among them 59.7% were males. The study found that, Rural residence, delivery place, Meconium stained amniotic fluid, ANC follow up, Gestational age, birth asphyxia and 5th minute APGAR score <7 were significantly associated with neonatal sepsis. Conclusion: The prevalence of neonatal sepsis was 52.7%. Rural residence, Hospital delivery, Meconium-stained Amniotic Fluid, ANC follow up, Gestational Age <37 weeks, birth asphyxia and 5th minute APGAR score <7 were found to statistically significant with Neonatal sepsis.
Background: COVID-19 is not well studied in Ethiopia, especially in the eastern parts of the country. Determining the clinical profile and treatment outcome of COVID-19 cases will help to plan better prevention and treatment strategies considering the local context. So, this study attempted to investigate and describe the Clinical characteristics and outcomes among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methodology: Institutional based retrospective study design was used. The data extraction tool was prepared by using the COVID-19 log-book template and data was collected from 2091 COVID-19 confirmed patients using RT-PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction) testing method who were admitted at three COVID-19 treatment centers from 21-May-2020 to 02-Aug-2021. Data was entered in Epi-data version 3.2 and analysis was done by SPSS version 25.0. Descriptive statistics proportions, percentages, ratios, frequency distributions, measures of central tendency, and dispersion were used. The result was presented in thefigure and table. Result: A total of 2019 patients were analyzed. In this study majority, 1309 (62.6%) of patients were male and the age ranges of patients were from 8 months up to 100 years with a mean age of 33 years and the most predominant age groups were less than 30 years. Around a quarter of 478 (22.9%) patients were symptomatic and the three most common symptoms manifested were cough 437 (20.9%), shortness of breath 210 (10%), and generalized body weakness 206 (9.9%). The prevalence of comorbidity was 105 (5%), of which DM 37 (1.8%), Hypertension 22 (1.1%) and CVD 15 (0.7%) were the most common. In this study 1992 (95.3%) of COVID-19 patients were recovered and 77 (3.7%) died. Conclusion: This institutional-based COVID-19 register review showed that the most common clinical manifestation were cough, shortness of breath, and generalized body weakness and among the admitted patients male accounts for the lion shares of the number. Majority of patients were asymptomatic this will increase asymptomatic transmission in the community, thus effort community mass screening intervention is important.
Background: Adverse drug reaction is any noxious, unintended and undesired effect of a drug which resulted from inadequate monitoring of therapy or inappropriate dosing. It may be unexpected, unknown and/or rare. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In some case it is life- threatening, and can be major determinants of treatment outcomes. All healthcare professionals are encouraged to report ADR But under-reporting remains a major draw-back of spontaneous reporting. Therefore this study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare professionals towards ADR reporting and try to fill the information gap in the study area. Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude and practice of ADR reporting among health care professionals working at Public Hospitals in Harar Town Eastern Ethiopia 2020. Methodology: Health facility based cross sectional study was conducted on 238 Health professional who are working in Public Hospitals of Harar Town Eastern Ethiopia. Sample allocates proportionately and study participant was selected by systematic random sampling method. Collected and checked data were entered in to Epi Data software version 3.1 and analysis was done by SPSS version 21. Mean value were used to classify as good or poor knowledge, altitude and practice on ADR reporting. Finding was summarized and presented in forms of tables and statement. Result: The overall prevalence of good knowledge, altitude and practice of ADR reporting was 42.9 %, 34.5 % and 39.9 % respectively. Majority 158 (66.4%) of study participant does not feel that there are adequately trained on ADR reporting. While 206 (86.6 %) and 208 (87.4%) of health professional agree that reporting drug safety is important for the public and health care system. One third of health professionals 74 (31.4%, P = 0.002) significantly reported that there had encountered ADR. Conclusion and Recommendation: On this study majority respondent had poor knowledge, altitude and ADR Reporting practices. Therefore Training provision, awareness creation, Strong and collaborative ADR reporting mechanisms, continuous monitoring and evaluation need to be established on each health institution.
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