Background Vaccines are an effective and ideal solution that can reduce the burden of disease worldwide. Although vaccines are the most effective way to prevent infectious diseases. Anti-vaccine conspiracy theories impair vaccination acceptance intentions. Several studies were conducted in East Africa. However, these studies had reported inconsistent findings. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to pool the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and identify its determinants. Methods PubMed, Google Scholar, and GLOBAL HEALTH databases were used to retrieve previously published studies. All papers published in the English language up to February 28, 2022 were included. The result was written and reported according to the PRISMA updated guideline. A random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence and effect sizes. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 test statistics. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot and egger’s test statistics. Statistical tests result at P-value<0.05 were declared as having significance. Result: A total of 25 Cross-sectional studies with a total sample size of 33,044 were included in this study. The pooled prevalence of Covid-19 vaccine acceptance was 60.2%, (95%CI: 52.8- 67.3). Egger’s test statistics (P = 0.003) showed there is a significant publication bias. Attending above secondary school (AOR: 2.1, 95%CI: 1.37, 2.96), having good knowledge about the vaccine (AOR: 2.1, 95%CI: 1.6, 2.8), having a positive attitude towards vaccine (AOR: 3.8, 95%CI: 2.3, 6.2), history of COVID-19 infection (AOR: 2.7, 95%CI: 1.6, 4.7) and being male (AOR: 1.8, 95%CI: 1.2, 2.7) were found to have a significant association with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Conclusion The COVID-19 vaccination acceptance rate was good, but it could be improved. The findings could help governments to figure out the best way to carry out COVID-19 mass vaccination campaigns. There is a lack of data in most countries. Therefore, we suggest more studies be conducted in the future.

Objective: Coronavirus disease is a deadly virus that continues to afflict many countries worldwide. Ethiopia has planned to give vaccines to 20% of the population by March 2022. This study aimed to assess determinants of vaccine uptake and barriers to being vaccinated among first-round eligibles for coronavirus disease vaccination in Harar, eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 820 randomly selected coronavirus disease first-round eligible groups in Harar from August 20 to September 15, 2021. Descriptive summary statistics were done. Logistic regression analyses were computed to identify associations between dependent and independent variables. Variables with a p value of <0.05 were declared statistically significant. Result: Out of 820, only 39.4% of participants took the coronavirus disease vaccine. The main barriers to being vaccinated were, belief vaccine has no use (24%), and belief vaccine causes blood clots (17.9%). Being a merchant (adjusted odds ratio: 7.9, 95% confidence interval: 2.6, 24), people who had no schooling (adjusted odds ratio: 2.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.3, 4.9), having attitude below the mean score (adjusted odds ratio: 2.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.4, 2.8), having coronavirus disease prevention practice above the mean score (adjusted odds ratio: 2.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.4, 2.8), and family size < 5 members (adjusted odds ratio: 0.64, 95% confidence interval: 0.4, 0.9) were found to be significantly associated with coronavirus disease vaccination. Conclusion: Overall, coronavirus disease-19’s first-round vaccination status was low. The number of people vaccinated was higher among 50–60 age groups than those who are >60 years. Being female, being a person with no schooling, being a merchant, being a farmer, and having low coronavirus disease prevention practice was found to be significantly associated with coronavirus disease vaccination. We recommend that the Federal Ministry of Health, Harari Regional Health Bureau, and other concerned stakeholders should work more diligently to provide continued campaigning on coronavirus disease vaccination and better vaccine awareness creation, as this is the only way out of this epidemic.

Background: Menstruation is a visible manifestation of cyclic uterine bleeding as a result of the interaction of different hormones. During menstruation, girls face gender problems. These are, early marriage, premature childbirth, higher infant mortality and potential vaginal infections resulting in infertility. Objective: To assess the level of menstrual hygiene practice and associated factors among high school female students in Harar town Eastern, Ethiopia,2019. A cross-sectional quantitative study were employed from April 02-05/2019. a minimum sample size of 301 Data were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire. Result: According to study 168(55.8%) had good practiced the rest had no. students who have no pocket money from family(AOR 0.36:95% CI,0.309,0.989) was 64% less likely poor practiced than students who have permanent pocket money, students who have no educated father(AOR 0.39:95% CI, 0.180,0.872) was 61% less likely poor practiced than who have educated father and students who had not Freely discuss with parents(AOR 0.45:95% CI,0.22,0.903) was 55% less likely poor practiced than who had Freely discuss with parents. Conclusion: According to this study result, The major female students of high school in Harar town had good knowledge about menstrual hygiene practice. Also, the practice of good menstrual hygiene was more among students who live in the urban 0.27 times than students who live in the rural area, good menstrual hygiene practice was more among students who have permanent pocket money from family 0.36 times than students who have no permanent pocket money from family, good menstrual hygiene practice was more among students who have educated father 0.4 times than students who have no educated father and students who had Freely discuss about menstruation with parents had more good menstrual hygiene practice 0.45 times than who had not Freely discuss about menstruation with parents.

Objective: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major threat to community health, and vaccinations are a safe and effective way to reduce disease loads around the world. This study aimed to assess the age and gender disparity in adverse effects following the first dose of the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine among the vaccinated population in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 832 randomly selected individuals from December 1st to 20th, 2021, in eastern Ethiopia. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews using a pretested structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the SPSS V26. Descriptive summary statistics were done. A chi-square test statistic was computed to assess the difference in adverse effects between age groups and both genders. Result: Out of 832 study participants who had taken the first dose of AstraZeneca vaccine, 96.3% of them felt at least one adverse effect. The magnitude of adverse reactions was higher among male participants. The reported adverse reactions were significantly higher in the age group of 50–60 years with comorbidity than those of <50 and >60 years of age. Conclusion: Overall, there is a significant age and gender difference in adverse effects following the first dose of the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. In addition, adverse reactions were higher among people with comorbidity in the age group of 50–60 years. The Harari Regional Health Bureau should provide training for frontline healthcare workers on early recognition and response to adverse effects of the COVID-19 vaccine. In addition, information and education should be provided to the community as a whole regarding recognition and the appropriate measures to be taken.

IntroductionNeonatal sepsis is a serious blood bacterial infection in neonates at the age of equal to or less than 28 days of life, and it’s still the major significant cause of death and long-term morbidity in developing countries. Therefore, this study has assessed the prevalence and related factors with neonatal sepsis among new born admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Ethiopia.MethodsAn institutional based retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted among 386 neonates admitted to NICU from September 2017 to August 2019 G.C. A systematic random sampling method was used. Data was analyzed using SPSS V.26. Descriptive summary statistics was done. Bivariate analysis was computed to identify association between dependent and independent variables. Multivariate analysis was used to control possible confounder variables and variables with p-value <0.05 were declared as having statistically significant association.ResultThe prevalence of neonatal sepsis was 53.1% and 59.5% were males. Among the total neonates who had sepsis, 67.8% had early neonatal sepsis. Among neonatal factors, preterm neonates (AOR: 8.1, 95%CI: 2.1, 31.2), birth asphyxia (AOR: 4.7, 95%CI: 1.6, 13.6); and among maternal factors, urban residence (AOR: 0.26, 95%CI: 0.1, 0.5), ANC attendance (AOR: 0.32, 95%CI: 0.2, 0.6), SVD (AOR: 0.047, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.2), Maternal antibiotic use (AOR: 0.39; 95%CI: 0.2, 0.8), duration of rupture of membrane < 12 hours (AOR: 0.11; 95%CI: 0.05, 0.2) were found to have significant association with neonatal sepsis.ConclusionOverall, the magnitude of neonatal sepsis was high. Being preterm, low birth weight and having birth asphyxia were found to significantly increase the odds of neonatal sepsis. Urban residence, having ANC follow up, giving birth by SVD and CS, history of antibiotic use and having rupture of membrane < 18 hours were found to significantly decrease the odds of neonatal sepsis.